Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals,  NRC, 2006 
Chapter 4 Biosecurity, pp 65-80
  
QUESTIONS
 1.	________ is defined as the policies and measures taken to minimize the risk of introducing an infectious pathogen into the human, agricultural animal, and research animal populations.
 2.	Biosecurity is a concern when transporting research animals because:
     a.  	close contact may occur between research animals and human handlers and other transported animals, creating the potential for a zoonosis transmission
     b.  	a research animal may become infected during transport and subsequently infect the receiving colony
     c.  	both a and b
     d.  	none of the above
 
3.	TRUE or FALSE:  Many zoonoses, including potential (agro)bioterrorism agents, are difficult to detect in an infected animal.
4.	TRUE or FALSE:  Lists of agents and toxins that have been deemed threats to humans, animals, and plants have been established since the passage of the USA Patriot Act and the Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act.
5.	When infected animals must be transported, a plan for secure ________ must be in place.
6.	TRUE or FALSE:  The plan for secure transportation requires the presence of responsible parties at the originating institution only.
7.	TRUE or FALSE:  Many shippers meet some of the requirements for laboratory biocontainment but not all meet all of the requirements. 
8.	Which of the following diseases are zoonotic?
     a.  	brucellosis
     b.  	leptospirosis
     c.  	Q fever
     d. 	a and c
     e.	all of the above
9.	In general, contact between animals and people during transportation should be ________ to prevent exposure to or transfer of zoonoses.
10.	TRUE or FALSE:  The transportation of NHP requires special consideration, given that macaques imported for research have been implicated in the transmission of B virus and Ebola virus to laboratory workers.  
11.	TRUE or FALSE:  A common standard for PPE has been established for workers who come into contact with NHP, including dedicated clothing, gloves, masks, and eye and face protection.  
12.  	A closed, environmentally controlled container into which a standard primary enclosure would be loaded in order to prevent a zoonotic exposure is called an ________.
13.	TRUE or FALSE:  Diagnostic specimens and tissues, which are treated as potentially infectious and hazardous materials, are handled according to guidelines in the BMBL.
14.	The most common routes of disease transmission between animals are ________, ________, and ________ transmission.
15.	Only ________-certified carriers should be used for transportation of research animals.
16.	For gnotobiotic and immunocompromised animals, ________ shipping containers are available.
17.	TRUE or FALSE:  Once a container has been opened at the recipient's facility, its sterility has been compromised and re-use of the container is not recommended.  
18.	TRUE or FALSE:  Shipment of animals between colleagues typically requires quarantine and testing of animals at the receiving institution.  
19.	Bedding, food, and water may be sterilized by ________ or ________ before and after shipment to prevent contamination of research animals and the receiving colony.
20.	Disinfection of the ________ of the shipping container should also be considered due to the possibility of cross contamination during shipping.
21.	TRUE or FALSE:  People who handle animals may wear their street clothes when unpacking animals.  
22.	TRUE or FALSE:  Animals in quarantine must be segregated from those, which are not.  
23.	TRUE or FALSE:  Nonhuman primates from different continents may be co-mingled in aircraft holds, warehouses, and animal holding facilities.  
24.	TRUE or FALSE:  Animals that are natural enemies (such as cats and dogs) may not be loaded in the same hold, whether or not they are in sight of each other.  
 
ANSWERS
1.	Biosecurity
2.	c.
3. 	True - because they cause asymptomatic disease in the host species
4.  	True
5.  	transportation
6.  	False - both originating and receiving institutions are responsible
7.  	True
8.  	e.
9.  	restricted or limited
10.  	True
11.  	True
12.  	overshipper
13.  	True
14.  	aerosols, close contact, and fomite
15.  	USDA
16. 	microisolator
17.  	True
18.  	True
19.  	autoclaving, irradiation
20.  	outside
21.  	False
22.  	True
23.  	False
24.  	False - they may be in the same hold provided they are not in sight of one another