2008 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

International	University of Guelph, Guelph, 
Ontario, Canada	03/07/2008	
Pacific Northwest Region	Oregon Health & Science University
and Portland VA Medical Center	03/29/2008	
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA	04/26/2008	
Central Region	University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center	05/04/2008	
Southeastern Region	North Carolina State University
	05/17/2008	
Northeastern Region	Yale University
	06/07/2008	
International
	Europe – Spain
(mock ECLAM exam)	06/07/2008	
International	Asia – Singapore
	06/28/2008	
Written Section – 250 Questions
Referenced Answers, 87 Pages

2008 Written Exam Contributors
Cheryl Haughton, DVM, DACLAM - Central Region Coordinator
David Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Southeastern Region Coordinator
Stephanie Murphy, VMD, PhD, DACLAM - Pacific Northwest Region Coordinator
Yolanda Saavedra-Torres, DVM, PhD, DipECLAM – European Coordinator
Peter Smith, DVM, DACLAM - Northeastern Region Coordinator
J. P. Spurlock, DVM - CDCP Coordinator
Patricia V. Turner, DVM, DVSc, DACLAM – Canadian Coordinator
Ronald E. Banks, DVM, DACLAM
Rudy Beiler, DVM
Terry Blankenship-Paris, DVM, MS, DACLAM
Jodi Carlson, DVM
Diane B. Forsythe, DVM, DACLAM
Mary F. Grant, DVM, DACLAM
Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM
Robert Rose, DVM, DACLAM
José M. Sánchez-Morgado, DVM, MSc, PhD, DipECLAM, MRCVS
Jem Scott-Emuakpor, DVM
Paul Sikoski, DVM, DACLAM
Melanie Sorrell, DVM, MS
Mary Ann Vasbinder, DVM, DACLAM
Michael Wilkinson, DVM, CertLAS, PhD, DipECLAM, MRCVS
Julia Whitaker, MS, DVM, DACLAM
Jody Willis, DVM
Steve Wilson, VMD
1.	In mice, topical application of selamectin to the skin in a single spot at the base of the neck in front of the scapulae has been 100% effective in removing which of the following parasites?

a.	Aspicularis tetraptera, Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus
b.	Radfordia ensifera, Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus
c.	Aspicularis tetraptera, Myobia musculi, Radfordia ensifera
d.	Aspicularis tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata

Answer: b.  Radfordia ensifera, Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus
Reference: Gonenc et al.  2006.  Efficacy of selamectin against mites (Myobia musculi, Mycoptes musculinus, and Radfordia ensifera) and nematodes (Aspicularis tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata) in mice.  Laboratory Animals 40(2):210-213.
Task 1, K3, Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

2.	Which of the following may be a concern when using fenbendazole at therapeutic levels to treat pinworms in rodents?

a.  	Significant biological effects in reproductive studies
b.  	Significant biological effects in teratologic studies
c.  	Treatment-associated myelosuppression
d.  	Induction of certain hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms
e.  	Toxicosis in young rodents due to immaturity of the blood-brain barrier

Answer: d.  Induction of certain hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms
Reference: Villar et al.  2007.  Biologic effects of fenbendazole in rats and mice: a review.  JAALAS 46(6):8-15.
Task 1, K6, General Species - Rodents

3.	Which of the following blood vessels can be used to collect blood in both frogs and salamanders?

a.	Ventral caudal vein
b.	Lingual venous plexus
c.	Midventral abdominal vein
d.	Dorsal lymph sac

Answer: c.  Midventral abdominal vein
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 17 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 814.
Task 5, K2; Tertiary Species – Other Amphibians

4.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, cold housing systems usually provide animals with a microenvironmental temperature that is no more than how many degrees above the outdoor temperature?

a.	1°C
b.	5°C
c.	10°C
d.	16°C
e.	27°C

Answer: b.  5°C
Reference: Committees to Revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching.  1999.  GUIDE For the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching.  First Revised Edition.  Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, IL.  Chapter 4 – Physical Plant, p. 28.
Task 5, K1

5.	Which of the following opioid receptors is located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and provides spinal analgesia and sedation?

a.  	Delta
b.  	Kappa
c.  	Mu
d.  	Sigma

Answer: b.  Kappa
Reference: Kohn et al.  2007.  Guidelines for the assessment and management of pain in rodents and rabbits.  JAALAS 46(2):97-108.
Task 2, K4

6.	Which of the following is a potential side effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in laboratory animals?

a.  	Bradycardia
b.  	Constipation
c.  	Respiratory depression
d.  	Nephrotoxicity
e.  	Hypotension

Answer: d.  Nephrotoxicity
Reference: Kohn et al.  2007.  Guidelines for the assessment and management of pain in rodents and rabbits.  JAALAS 46(2):97-108.
Task 2, K5

7.	Which of the following drugs can be used to reverse benzodiazepine-induced sedation?

a.	Naloxone
b.	Yohimbine
c.	Flumazenil
d.	Idazoxan
e.	Phentolamine

Answer: c.  Flumazenil
Reference: Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 17 – Current Research in Anesthesia, pp. 402-403.
Task 2, K5

8.  	Which of the following terms describes the ability of neuronal mechanisms to change and adapt to painful stimuli over a period of time?

a.	Allodynia
b.	Pain threshold
c.	Tolerance
d.	Plasticity
e.	Nociception

Answer: d.  Plasticity
References: 
1)	Peterson and Servinsky.  2007.  Development of molecular and cellular biomarkers of pain.  Comp Med 57(6):554-562.
2)	Kohn et al.  2007.  Guidelines for the assessment and management of pain in rodents and rabbits.  JAALAS 46(2):97-108.
Task 2, K4

9.  	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, which of the following animals can be euthanized by maceration?

a.	1 week old poults
b.	Embryonic rodents
c.	Day-old poultry
d.	Tadpoles
e.	Fish

Answer: c.  Day-old poultry
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), p. 17 (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 5, K2; General Species - Birds

10.  	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, which of the following is considered to be a disadvantage of using maceration as a form of euthanasia?

a.	Death is almost instantaneous
b.	Special equipment is required
c.	Large numbers of animals can be killed quickly
d.	The method is safe for workers

Answer: b.  Special equipment is required
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), p. 17 (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 5, K2

11.  	In mice, which of the following euthanasia methods would accomplish the most rapid cessation of cortical activity as determined by electroencephalogram and visual evoked potentials?

a.	70% positive–pressure ventilation - CO2
b.	Intracardiac KCl injection
c.	Cervical dislocation
d.	All of the above
e.	None of the above

Answer: c.  Cervical dislocation
Reference: Cartner et al.  2007.  Loss of cortical function in mice after decapitation, cervical dislocation, potassium chloride injection, and carbon dioxide inhalation.  Comp Med 57(6):570-573.
Task 5, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

12.	In mice and rats, which of the following time periods is recommended as a period of stabilization after shipment to allow most physiological values to return to normal before initiation of research studies?  

a.  	1-2 days
b.	2-3 days
c.	3-4 days
d.	6-7 days
e.	2-3 weeks

Answer: b.  2-3 days
Reference: Conour et al.  2006.  Preparation of animals for research – issues for rodents and rabbits.  ILAR 45(4):283-293.
Task 4, K5; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

13.	Which of the following should be components of an animal facility management program?

a.  	Personnel training
b.  	Occupational health and safety program
c.  	Written standard operating procedures
d.  	Written crisis and disaster management plan
e.  	All of the above

Answer: e.  All of the above
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 – Design and Management of Animal Facilities, pp.  946-947.
Task 4, K9, K12, K13

14.  	Which of the following organizations has published guidelines for selecting, evaluating, and using sharps disposal containers?

a.	CDC
b.	NIOSH
c.	OSHA
d.	NIH

Answer: b.  NIOSH
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 24 – Control of Biohazards, p. 1053.
Task 7, K1

15. 	The Occupational Safety and Health Administration limits employee exposure to noise to how many decibels measured on the A scale of a standard sound-level meter at slow response (dBA) averaged over an 8 hour work shift?

a.  	100 decibels
b.  	85 decibels
c.  	90 decibels
d.  	50 decibels
e.  	45 decibels

Answer: c.  90 decibels
Reference: Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1997.  Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 3 – Physical, Chemical, and Protocol-Related Hazards, p. 41.
Task 4, K9

16.	All of the following adverse effects can occur when an employee’s exposure to noise exceeds OSHA limits EXCEPT?

a.  	Hearing loss
b.  	Difficulty in speaking
c. 	Loss of concentration
d.	Weight loss
e.  	Increased fatigue

Answer: d.  Weight loss
Reference: Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1997.  Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 3 – Physical, Chemical, and Protocol-Related Hazards, p. 41.
Task 4, K9

17.  	Individual animals in which needed anesthetics, analgesics, sedatives and/or tranquilizers are withheld should be reported in which of the following columns of the annual report to the USDA (APHIS Form 7023)?

a.  	Column A
b.	Column B
b.  	Column C
d.  	Column D
e.  	Column E

Answer: e.  Column E
Reference: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Policy Manual.  Policy # 11 – Painful / Distressful Procedures.  April 14, 1997 (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/policy/policy11.pdf).
Task 5, K1

18.  	In which of the following scenarios would it be acceptable to allow radios, alarms, or other sound generators to be used in animal rooms?

a.   	When a single species is housed in an animal room
b.  	When more than one species is housed in an animal room
c.  	Only when caretakers are working in an animal room
d.  	As part of an enrichment program
e.	Only in animal rooms in which livestock are housed

Answer: d.  As part of an enrichment program
Reference:  Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 - Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 36.
Task 6, K4

19.	Which of the following special features of a facility are secondary barriers aimed at preventing accidental release of hazards outside the facility and work environment?
	
a.	Airlocks
b.	Negative air pressure
c.	Air filters
d.	Redundant mechanical equipment with automatic switching
e.	All of the above

Answer: e.  All of the above
Reference:  Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 - Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 17.
Task 6, K3

20.	With rare exceptions, which of the following is considered to be the most efficient type of animal facility to operate?

a.	A central facility with dedicated elevators to gain access to ground-level transportation
b.	A central facility on multiple floors arranged around dedicated elevators
c.	Satellite facilities that rely to varying degrees on a primary facility for some support services
d.	Multiple autonomous units that contain all the necessary animal care and use support services
e.	A single-story, centralized facility with direct access to ground-level transportation

Answer: e.  A single-story, centralized facility with direct access to ground-level transportation.
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21- Design and Management of Animal Facilities, pp. 911-912.
Task 6, K2, K11

21.	Which of the following provides the most effective method of controlling a rodent’s microbial environment?

a.  	Ventilated microisolation cages
b.  	Germfree isolators
c.  	Filter-top cages
d.  	Ventilated rodent racks
e.  	Biological safety cabinets

Answer: b.  Germfree isolators
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21- Design and Management of Animal Facilities, pp. 939-943.
Task 6, K3; General Species - Rodents

22.  	All of the following statements apply to AAALAC International accreditation status EXCEPT?

a.	Accreditation may be granted, withheld, or revoked by AAALAC
b.	Provisional status cannot exceed a time period of 36 months
c.	Accreditation may be revoked at any time for due cause
d.	If an institution is on Probationary status, deficiencies must be corrected within a time period not to exceed 12 months

Answer: b.  Provisional status cannot exceed a time period of 36 months
Reference: http://www.aaalac.org/accreditation/rules.cfm
Task 7, K3

23.	Which of the following types of biological safety cabinets would be appropriate for cell culture work?

a.  	Class I biosafety cabinets
b.	Class II biosafety cabinets
c.	Class I and II biosafety cabinets
d.  	None of the above

Answer: b.  Class II biosafety cabinets
Reference: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Section III – Principles of Biosafety , p. 21 (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm)
Task 6, K3

24.	Which of the following research facilities DOES NOT need to file its registration form with the Animal Care Regional Director for the state in which the research facility has its principle place of business?

a.  	National Science Foundation
b.  	Texas A & M
c.  	Arizona State University
d.  	Dartmouth College
e.  	Southlake Community College

Answer: a.  National Science Foundation
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.30(a) Registration.  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 20)
Task 5, K1

25.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following statements represents a situation in which an Animal Welfare Act license application would be denied?

a.	Failure of new applicant to pass a compliance inspection within 30 days of first inspection
b.	Failure of new applicant to pass 2 consecutive compliance inspections at least 30 days apart
c.	Failure of new applicant to pass 3 compliance inspections within 90 days of first inspection
d.	Failure of new applicant to pass any compliance inspection

Answer: c.  Failure of new applicant to pass 3 compliance inspections within 90 days of first inspection
References:
1)	USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Policy Manual.  Policy # 1:  Denial of AWA License Applications.  April 14, 1999 (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ac/polmanpdf.html).
2)	http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/index.shtml
Task 7, K1

26.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, failure to correct any significant deficiency within an animal care and use program or the animal research facilities within established deadlines must be reported in writing by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee within how many days?

a.	As soon as possible
b.	5-7 business days
c.	15 days
d.	30 days
e.	60 days

Answer: c.  15 days
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31(c)(3) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 21).
Task 5, K4

27.	When reporting any serious or continuing noncompliance with the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals or any serious deviation from the provisions of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals to the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, which of the following types of information must be included in the final report?

a.  	Names of all parties involved and their funding sources
b.  	Estimated budget required to correct the deficiency
c.  	A reasonable and specific plan and schedule with dates for correction
d.  	Names of all individuals involved with correction of the deficiency

Answer: c.  A reasonable and specific plan and schedule with dates for correction
Reference: Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW).  2002.  Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook.  2nd Edition.  OLAW: Bethesda, MD.  B.1.  Program and Facility Review, p. 41.
Task 5, K4

28.  	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, whose responsibility is it to ensure all scientists, research technicians, animal technicians, and other personnel involved in animal care, treatment, and use are qualified to perform their duties?

a.	Attending Veterinarian
b.	Institutional Official
c.	Research facility or institution
d.	Animal care department

Answer: c.  Research facility or institution
References: 
1)	Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 – Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 13 (Personnel Qualifications and Training).
2)	Haywood et. al.  2005.  Engaging the IACUC through comprehensive training.  Lab Animal 34(10):33-37.
Task 8, K1

29.   	Which of the following are levels of technician and management certification offered by American Association for Laboratory Animal Science?

a.	LAG, LAGT, ALAGT, 
b.	CMAR, LVT, LAT, ALAT
c.	LAT, LATG, ALAT, CMAR
d.	LAT, ALAT, LATG
e.	DVM, LAT, LATG, ALAT

Answer: c.  LAT, LATG, ALAT, CMAR
References:
1)	http://www.aalas.org/certification/tech_cert.asp
2)	http://www.aalas.org/certification/cmar.asp
Task 8, K3

30.   	Which of the following online resources provides training for technicians, veterinarians, managers, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee members, and investigators working with animals in a research or education setting?

a.	Medilearn
b.	Agricola
c.	AALAS learning library
d.	ACLAM learning library
e.	AAALAC learning library

Answer: c.  AALAS learning library
Reference: https://www.aalaslearninglibrary.org/aboutall.asp?strKeyID=329F51DF-CDDB-480E-8069-83A992973788-0&AboutAll=1
Task 8, K2

31.	Which of the following technician certification levels for the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science requires at least 3 years work experience in addition to a high school diploma, GED, BA/BS or higher degree?

a.  	ALAT, LAT, LATG
b.  	ALAT, LAT
c.  	LAT,  LATG
d.  	CMAR, ALAT
e.  	CMAR, LATG

Answer: c.  LAT, LATG
References:
1)	http://www.aalas.org/certification/tech_cert.asp
2)	http://www.aalas.org/certification/cmar.asp
Task 8, K3

32.	Most laboratory animal species are physiologically equipped to tolerate acute withholding of food for periods as long as how many hours without noteworthy signs of physiological or apparent psychological distress?

a.	6 hours
b.	12 hours
c.	24 hours
d.	36 hours
e.	48 hours

Answer: c.  24 hours
Reference:  Rowland. 2007.  Food or fluid restriction in common laboratory animals: balancing welfare considerations with scientific inquiry.  Comp Med 57(2):149-160.
Task 5, K2

33.	In rats, which of the following techniques DOES NOT produce a model of traumatic spinal cord injury?

a.  	Contusion
b.  	Calibrated forceps compression
c.  	Weight drop
d.  	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
e.  	Aneurysm clip compression
 
Answer: d.  Middle cerebral artery occlusion
Reference: Onifer et al.  2007.  Rat models of traumatic spinal cord injury to assess motor recovery.  ILAR 48(4):385-395.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

34.	Which of the following animal HIV/AIDS models offers the opportunity to experimentally infect human tissues with HIV?

a.	SIV macaque
b.	Nude-hu chimeric mice
c.	SCID-hu chimeric mice
d.	Nude HIV mice
e.	Tg HIV mice
 
Answer: c.  SCID-hu chimeric mice
Reference: Stump and VandeWoude.  2007.  Animal models for HIV AIDS: a comparative review.  Comp Med 57(1):33-43.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

35.	Which of the following models is considered to be the most important nonhuman primate model of HIV disease as it results in clinical and immunologic manifestations closely mirroring human AIDS?

a.  	SIVsmm infection in sooty mangebeys
b.  	SIVcpz infection in chimpanzees
c.  	SIVcpz infection in bonobos
d.  	SIVmac infection in pigtail macaques
e.  	SIVmac infection of rhesus macaques

Answer: e.  SIVmac infection of rhesus macaques
Reference: Stump and VandeWoude.  2007.  Animal models for HIV AIDS: a comparative review.  Comp Med 57(1):33-43.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

36.  	Which of the following ranges are considered to be reasonable values(s) for power?

a.	0 to 1
b.	0.1 – 0.3
c.	0 to 10
d.	0.7 – 0.9
e.	0.1 – 0.5

Answer: d.  0.7 – 0.9
Reference: Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds.  2006.  The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 18 – Experimental Modeling and Research Methodology,  p. 617.
Task 10, K3

37.  	Which of the following statements best describes the alpha probability or p value?

a.	It is equal to the power of a study
b.	Its value is independent of the number of animals used in the study
c.	It is the error associated with concluding that a difference between experimental and control populations does not exist when there is a difference
d.	It is often arbitrarily set at 0.05 or 0.01 for biomedical experiments

Answer: d.  It is often arbitrarily set at 0.05 or 0.01 for biomedical experiments
Reference: Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds.  2006.  The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 18 – Experimental Modeling and Research Methodology, p. 617.
Task 10, K3

38.	In which of the following tissues does mouse encephalomyelitis virus primarily replicate during a naturally acquired infection in mice?

a.	Neurons in the cerebrum
b.	Neurons in the cerebellum
c.	Intestinal mucosa
d.	Peripheral lymph nodes
e.	Neurons in the cervical spinal cord

Answer: c.  Intestinal mucosa
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3. - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 79.
Task 1, K4, K7; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

39.	In rats, which of the following agents can be injected stereotaxically into the caudoputamen nucleus to induce a reproducible cerebral hemorrhage?

a.	Myelin basic protein
b.	Caspasin
c.	Myelin associated glycoprotein
d.	Collagenase
e.	Kainic acid

Answer: d.  Collagenase
Reference: Ferland et al.  2007.  Effects of buprenorphine on intracerebral collagenase-induced hematoma in Sprague-Dawley rats.  JAALAS 46(3):13-16.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

40.	All of the following animal species have been used in models of emesis EXCEPT?

a.	Suncus murinus
b.	Canis familiaris
c.	Mustela putoris furo
d.	Sus scrofa 
e.	Oryctolagus cuniculus

Answer: e.  Oryctolagus cuniculus
Reference: Tashiro et al.  2007.  The evaluation of whole-body plethysmography as a semiautomated method for analysis of emesis in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus).  JAALAS 46(2): 81-85
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

41.	Which of the following educational levels is the minimal educational requirement for an individual taking the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science LATG certification exam?

a.	High school diploma or GED
b.	Any AA/AS degree
c.	Any BA/BS degree
d.	ALAT certification

Answer: a.  High school diploma or GED
References: http://www.aalas.org/certification/tech_cert.asp
Task 8, K3

42.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, all of the following statements apply to Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol review EXCEPT?

a.	A designated reviewer can withhold approval of a submitted protocol
b.	Significant changes to an IACUC approved protocol must be approved before they occur
c.	If a proposal may cause more than momentary or slight pain or distress to animals, the investigator must consult the attending veterinarian or his or her designee during protocol development
d.	Method of euthanasia must be approved by the IACUC

Answer : a.  A designated reviewer can withhold approval of a submitted protocol
Reference: Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW).  2002.  Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook.  2nd Edition.  OLAW: Bethesda, MD.  C.1. Fundamental Issues, pp. 91, 95 and C.2. Protocol Review Criteria, pp. 101, 118.
Task 5, K3

43.	Which of the following IS NOT a neoplasia model derived from rabbits?

a.	VX-2 carcinoma
b.	Brown Pearce carcinoma
c.	Spirocerca lupi induced carcinoma
d.	Greene melanoma

Answer: c.  Spirocerca lupi induced carcinoma
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 357.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

44.	The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention specifically designates infectious agents that have the greatest potential to induce significant negative impact on public health to which of the following classifications?

a.	Category A agents
b.	Category B agents
c.	Category C agents
d.	Class 1 agents
e.	Class 2 agents

Answer: a.  Category A agents
Reference: He et al.  2007.  Pathobiology and management of laboratory rodents administered CDC category A agents.  Comp Med 57(1):18-32.
Task 4, K9

45.	The Office of Research Integrity, which promotes integrity in biomedical and behavioral research supported by the U.S. Public Health Service, monitors institutional investigations of research misconduct and facilitates the responsible conduct of research through educational, preventive, and regulatory activities, is organized under which of the following departments or offices?

a.	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
b.	Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services
c.	Office of Public Health and Service
d.	All of the above
e.	None of the above

Answer: d.  All of the above
Reference: http://ori.dhhs.gov/
Task 10, K7

46.	Which of the following estrous cycle stages would yield a vaginal swab from a mouse with primarily neutrophils and some epithelial cells?

a.	Metestrus
b.	Estrus
c.	Proestrus
d.	Diestrus
e.	Anestrus

Answer: d.  Diestrus
References:
1)	Suckow MA, Danneman P, Brayton C.  2001.  The Laboratory Mouse.  CRC Press: Boca Raton, LA.  Chapter 5 – Experimental Methodology, p. 120.
2)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 50 (Table IX).
Task 3, K1, Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

47.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following individuals may request a full committee review by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of a protocol describing proposed activities involving the care and use of animals?

a.	Primary investigator
b.	Any member of the IACUC
c.	Institutional official
d.	Any institutional employee
e.	Chair of the IACUC

Answer: b.  Any member of the IACUC
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31(d)(2) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 23)
Task 5, K3

48.	Which of the following inhalation anesthetics is inadequate if used by itself for momentary or brief anesthesia in rodents?

a.	Nitrous oxide
b.	Halothane
c.	Isoflurane
d.	Carbon dioxide 
e.	Enflurane

Answer: a.  Nitrous oxide
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 959-960.
Task 2, K6; General Species - Rodents

49.	Which of the following ruminants is considered to be the most sensitive to xylazine?

a.	Cattle
b.	Goats
c.	Sheep
d.	Deer

Answer: b.  Goat
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 988.
Task 2, K6; Secondary Species – Goat (Capra hircus)

50.	Which of the following variables is a serious limitation of using a power analysis to estimate sample size?

a.	Estimate of standard deviation
b.	Sidedness of the statistical test
c.	Effect size of scientific interest
d.	Chance of a false-positive result

Answer: a.  Estimate of standard deviation
Reference: Festing, M.  2006.  Design and statistical methods in studies using animal models of development.  ILAR J 47(1):5-14.
Task 5, K2

51.	Experimental animals infected with which of the following viral agents should be housed under animal biosafety level 4 conditions?

a.	Hepatitis A
b.	Influenza
c.	Nipah
d.	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
e.	Polio

Answer: c.  Nipah
Reference: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Section VIII-E – Viral Agents, pp. 201-202, 211, 214-216 (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm).
Task 6, K3

52.	Which of the following ranges is considered to be an adequate face velocity for a chemical fume hood that is located properly within a laboratory?

a. 	60-80 ft/min
b. 	80-100 ft/min
c. 	100-120 ft/min
d. 	140-160 ft/min

Answer: b.  80-100 ft/min
Reference: Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1997.  Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 6 – Principal Elements of an Occupational Health and Safety Program, pg.109.
Task 6, K3

53.	Which of the following breeds IS NOT an example of a miniature swine breed? 

a.	Yucatan 
b.	Hanford 
c.	Duroc 
d.	Gottingen 
e.	Hormel

Answer: c.  Duroc 
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, p. 616.
Task 4, K1, K5; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

54.	Membership on AAALAC's Council on Accreditation is for a period of how many years for each elected term?

a.	1 year
b.	2 years
c.	3 years
d.	4 years
e.	5 years

Answer: c.  3 years
Reference: http://www.aaalac.org/accreditation/AAALAC_Bylaws_Revised_09-23-07.pdf (p. 8)
Task 7, K3

55.	Profuse diarrhea with high mortality is observed in a colony of Syrian hamsters within days of being treated for a mild skin condition with clindamycin.  What would be a likely etiology?

a.	Entamoeba muris
b.	Clostridium difficile
c.	Corynebacterium kutscheri
d.	Hamster parvovirus
e.	Dentostomella translucida

Answer: b.  Clostridium difficile
References: 
1)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 5 - Biology and Diseases of Hamsters, pp. 182, 189. 
2) Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 2nd ed.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 3 – Hamster, p. 176.
Task 1, K6, K8; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

56.	According to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee shall conduct continuing review of each previously approved, ongoing activity at appropriate intervals, including a complete review at least how often?
 
a.	At least once every 3 months
b.	At least once every 6 months
c.	At least once every year
d.	At least once every 3 years
e.	At least once every 5 years

Answer: d.  At least once every 3 years
Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, pp. 15.
Task 5, K3

57.	According to Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, for which of the following species does indoor housing facilities need not be heated?

a.	Golden hamsters
b.	Guinea pigs
c.	Rabbits
d.	Dogs
e.	Peromyscus spp.

Answer: c.  Rabbits
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standard, Subpart C – Specifications for the Human Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Rabbits, §3.51 (a) Facilities, indoor (1-1-00 Edition, p. 68)
Task 4, K1; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

58.	Using NIH guidelines for determining per diem rates, indirect costs are also known as which of the following costs?

a.	Institutional facilities and administrative costs
b.	Office of Management and Budget (OMB) costs
c.	Non-allocable costs
d.	Over budget costs

Answer: a.  Institutional facilities and administrative costs
Reference: National Center for Research Resources (NCRR).  2000.  Cost Analysis and Rate Setting Manual for Animal Research Facilities.  NCRR Office of Science Policy and Public Liaison: Bethesda, MD.  Chapter 2 - Preparation for Cost Analysis.  Institutional Facilities and Administrative Costs, p. 10. 
Task 4, K11

59.  	Which of the following etiological agents, when inoculated into an animal host, has been shown to be a model for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans?

a.	Clostridium piliforme
b.	Woodchuck hepatitis virus
c.	Epstein-Barr virus
d.	Lucké tumor herpesvirus

Answer:  b.  Woodchuck hepatitis virus
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 83-84; Chapter 8 – Woodchucks as Laboratory Animals, pp. 310, 321-322; Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 748 (Table XLIX); and Chapter 17 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, pp. 817-818.
Task 9, K1; Tertiary Species - Other Rodents

60.  	According to the most recent edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, an agent that is associated with human disease via percutaneous injury, ingestion, or mucous membrane exposure should be handled in a laboratory at what biosafety level (BSL)?
	
a.	Open bench top with a sink
b.	BSL-1 with negative airflow into the lab and double-door access
c.	BSL-2 
d.	BSL-3 
e.	BSL-4

Answer: c.  BSL-2
Reference: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Section IV -  Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria, p. 58 (Table 1) (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm).
Task 6, K3

61.  	All of the following are discoveries associated with the use of sea urchins in biomedical research EXCEPT? 

a.	Meiosis 
b.	Sexual reproduction 
a.	Discovery of cell sorting by differential adhesion 
b.	Basic control of cell cycling 
c.	Cytokinesis

Answer: b.  Sexual reproduction 
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 30 – Animal Models in Biomedical Research, p. 1186.
Task 9, K1; Tertiary Species - Invertebrates

62. 	Which of the following etiologic agents HAS NOT been incriminated as a causative agent for canine infectious tracheobronchitis?

a.	Bordetella bronchiseptica
b.	Canine parainfluenza virus
c.	Canine adenovirus
d.	Canine calicivirus
e.	Canine herpesvirus

Answer: d.  Canine calicivirus
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 11 – Biology and Diseases of Dogs, pp. 405.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

63.  	The white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus) belongs to same taxonomic family and subfamily as which of the following rodent species?

a.	Cricetus cricetus
b.	Peromyscus leucopus
c.	Octodon degus
d.	Rattus norvegicus
e.	Meriones unguiculatus

Answer: a. Cricetus cricetus
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, pp. 272-273.
Task 3, K3; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 

64. 	Which of the following etiologic agents can cause rat bite fever?

a.	Bartonella henselae
b.	Spirillium murinae
c.	Streptobacillus moniliformis
d.	Rickettsia typhi
e.	Streptococcus mutans

Answer: c. Streptobacillus moniliformis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3- Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 91 and Chapter 25 – Selected Zoonoses, pp. 1078-1079.
Task 4, K9; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

65.  	Administration of which of the following drugs in the drinking water of rats results in an increase of pain threshold and an increased consumption of treated water following surgery?

a.	Ibuprofen
b.	Acetaminophen
c.	Buprenorphine
d.	Ketoprofen
e.	Meloxicam

Answer: b. Acetaminophen
Reference: Mickley et al.  2006. Acetaminophen self-administration in the drinking water increases the pain threshold of rats (Rattus norvegicus).  JAALAS 45(5): 48-54.
Task 2, K5; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

66.  	All accreditable units, with the exception of small or remote facilities, shall be initially evaluated by a team of not less than how many site visitors chosen by AAALAC International from among the members of and consultants to the Council?

a.	1
b.	2
c.	3
d.	4
e.	5

Answer: b.  2
Reference: http://www.aaalac.org/accreditation/rules.cfm
Task 7, K3

67.  	Which of the following anesthetic agents is a pharmaceutical-grade alternative to chemical-grade tribromoethanol for echocardiographic phenotyping in transgenic mice?

a.	Propofol
b.	Halothane
c.	Isoflurane
d.	Pentobarbital
e.	Ketamine plus xylazine

Answer:  c.  Isoflurane
Reference: Chu et al. 2006. Comparing isoflurane with tribromoethanol anesthesia for echocardiographic phenotyping of transgenic mice.  JAALAS 45(4): 8-13.
Task 2, K6; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus)

68.  	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is the minimum required cage height for hamsters?

a.	5 inches
b.	6 inches
c.	7 inches
d.	8 inches
e.	9 inches

Answer: b. 6 inches
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, pg. 27 (Space Recommendations, Table 2.1).
Task 4, K1; General Species - Hamsters

69.  	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, thoracic compression is a conditionally acceptable method of euthanasia in which of the following species?

a.	Amphibians
b.	Birds
c.	Fish
d.	Reptiles

Answer: b.  Birds
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), pp. 16, 28-29 (Appendix 1) (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 5, K2; General Species – Birds

70.  	Which of the following statements IS NOT a characteristic of barbiturate anesthesia in rodents? 

a. 	Sedative hypnotics capable of producing general anesthesia with muscle relaxation
b.  	Wide therapeutic window
c. 	Minimal analgesic effects independent of their ability to affect consciousness
d.	Dose related cardiovascular and respiratory depression
e.	Repeated doses of short-acting barbiturates are cumulative, resulting in prolonged recovery

Answer: b.  Wide therapeutic window
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, pp. 957-958.
Task 2, K6; General Species - Rodents

71.  	Which of the following statements best describes how environmental factors can affect the health of Danio rerio?

a. 	Ambient room temperature should be maintained at 5° to 10° below that of the containment system water
b. 	Water pH should be within 7.0-8.0 to facilitate higher concentrations of un-ionized NH3
c.   Elevated nitrite levels are relatively nontoxic
d.   Excessive levels of dissolved oxygen can be fatal if not corrected quickly
e.	No more than 8 hours of natural or fluorescent light should be provided on a daily basis

Answer: d.  Excessive levels of dissolved oxygen can be fatal if not corrected quickly. 
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 866-870. 
Task 4, K1; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

72.   	For what period of time must an official USDA tag be held after the death or euthanasia of a cat?

a.	1 year
b.	2 years
c.	3 years
d.	5 years
e.	There is no holding period for USDA tags in cats

Answer: a.  1 year 
Reference:  Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart E – Identification of Animals, §2.55 (b) Removal and disposal of tags (1-1-01 Edition, p. 33).
Task 5, K1; Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domestica)

73.   	Which of the following features IS NOT required when designing a biosafety level 2 facility?

a.   A sink for hand washing should be located near the exit door
b. 	Access to the facility is restricted to entry by a series of two self-closing, double-doors
c.   	Facility windows that open to the exterior must be fitted with screens
d. 	Vacuum lines should be protected with HEPA filters or their equivalent
e.   	An eyewash station must be readily available

Answer:  b.  Access to the facility is restricted to entry by a series of two self-closing, double-doors.
Reference:  U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Section IV - Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria, pp. 35-36, 58 (Table 1) (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm).
Task 6, K3
 
74.  	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, all of the following statements describe housing requirements for nonhuman primates EXCEPT?

a. 	Perches that do not allow the space beneath them to be comfortably occupied must be counted as floor space
b.	When group housing nonhuman primates, the minimum floor space requirement for the enclosure is the sum of the minimum floor area space for each individual nonhuman primate
c. 	Group housing of nonhuman primates is preferred over single housing even when group members have slightly less floor space per animal than when singly housed
d.	Indoor primary enclosures must be sanitized at least once every two weeks
e.	Individually housed nonhuman primates without audio or visual contact with conspecifics must be provided special attention regarding enhancement of their environment

Answer: c.  Group housing of nonhuman primates is preferred over single housing even when group members have slightly less floor space per animal than when singly housed. 
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standards, Subpart D – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Nonhuman Primates, §3.80 (b) and (b)(2)(iv) Primary enclosures (1-1-01 Edition, pp. 81-82); §3.81 (c)(4) Environmental enhancement to promote psychological well-being (1-1-01 Edition, p. 83); and §3.84 (b)(2) Cleaning, sanitization, house-keeping, and pest control (1-1-00 Edition, p. 84)
Task 4, K1; General Species – Nonhuman Primates

75.  	Which of the following features of a human cytomegalovirus infection is seen in a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection?

a.	Transplacental infection
b.	Congenital hearing loss
c.	Chronic progressive nephropathy
d.	CNS infection in immune compromised individuals

Answer: d.  CNS infection in immune compromised individuals 
Reference:  Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds.  2007.  The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 2 – Diseases.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1 – Murine Cytomegalovirus and Other Herpesviruses, pp. 18 (Table 1-1), 25-26. 
Task 9, K1, K4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

76.  	Which of the following animal species has been shown to be naturally susceptible to hepatitis A virus and therefore poses a zoonotic risk?

a.	Canis familiaris
b.	Peromyscus leucopus
c.	Meriones unguiculatus
d.	Macaca fasicularis
e.	Marmota monax

Answer: d.  Macaca fasicularis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 25 – Selected Zoonoses, p. 1071.
Task 4, K9; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

77.  	Which of the following is a searchable biomedical database of federally supported proposed research conducted at universities, hospitals, and other research institutions?

a.	BIOSIS
b.	CCRIS
c.	CRISP
d.	NTIS
e.	GrantsNet

Answer: c.  CRISP
Reference: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm
Task 10, K4

78.  	Which of the following is the correct designation for a congenic mouse strain in which the recipient or background strain is C57BL/10J?

a.	B10X129P/TyJ
b.	C57BL/10J-Chr1A/NaJ
c.	B10.129P-H12b
d.	129P.B10-H46b
e.	B6;129P – Apoa1 tm1Unc

Answer:  c.  B10.129P-H12b
References: 
1)	http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml
2)	http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/cnt_rules-for-nomen.shtml
Task 7, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

79.  	In mice, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and its hormonal control of ovarian and testicular function in reproduction is directly or indirectly influenced by which of the following factors?

a.	Population density
b.	Noise
c.	Diet
d.	Light
e.	All of the above

Answer: e: All of the above
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, pp. 48-49.
Task 6, K4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

80.  	Which of the following IS NOT an ingredient of Bouin's solution, a fixative used for soft or delicate tissues?

f.	70% ethanol
g.	Picric acid
h.	Formaldehyde
i.	Acetic acid

Answer: a.  70% ethanol
References: 
1)	http://www.mallbaker.com/overview/clinical/europe/Histology/Fixatives.pdf
2)	Stedman’s Medical Dictionary 24th ed., p 537.
Task 1, K5

81. 	Which of the following amino acids is ALWAYS absent in mouse urine?

a.	Arginine
b.	Cysteine
c.	Lysine
d.	Taurine
e.	Tryptophan

Answer: e.  Tryptophan
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 46.
Task 1, K2, K8; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

82. 	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, acceptable primary enclosures allow for all of the following, EXCEPT?

a.	Normal physiologic and behavioral needs of the animals 
b.	Conspecific social interaction and development of hierarchies within or between enclosures
c.	Freedom from sharp edges or projections that could cause injury.
d.	Observation of the animals regardless of the level of disturbance caused

Answer: d. Observation of the animals regardless of the level of disturbance caused
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 23 (Primary Enclosures).
Task 6, K1

83.  	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, all of the following statements apply to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) EXCEPT?

a.	The IACUC must meet at least once every 6 months
b.	The IACUC should review the animal care program and inspect the animal facilities and activity areas annually
c.	The IACUC should include at least one practicing scientist experienced in research involving animals
d.	The IACUC is responsible for the oversight and evaluation of the animal care and use program and its components

Answer: b. The IACUC should review the animal care program and inspect the animal facilities and activity areas annually
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 – Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 9 (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee).
Task 7, K2

84. 	Histiocytic sarcomas are most commonly seen in which of the following types of rats?

a.	Long-Evans
b.	Fischer 344
c.	Sprague-Dawley
d.	August
e.	Brown Norway
 
Answer: c.  Sprague-Dawley.
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 2 - Rat, p. 160.
Task 1, K5; Primary Species - Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

85. 	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, which of the following euthanasia techniques DOES NOT require that those responsible for use of euthanasia techniques must ensure that personnel have been properly trained and consistently apply these techniques humanely and effectively?

a.	Blow to the head
b.	Cervical dislocation
c.	Penetrating captive bolt
d.	Decapitation
e.	Thoracic compression

Answer: c.  Penetrating captive bolt
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), pp. 13-16 (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 8, K1

86.  	Providing refuge cover to South African clawed frogs causes which of the following behavioral alterations?

a.	Decreased food intake
b.	Increased food intake
c.	Decreased bite wounds
d.	Increased rate of bacterial infection
e.	Decreased egg production

Answer: c.  Decreased bite wounds
Reference: Torreilles and Green.  2007.  Refuge cover decreases the incidence of bite wounds in laboratory South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).  JAALAS 46(5):33-36.
Task 1, K13; Secondary Species – African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)

87.  	Which of the following best describes feeling learners?

a.	People oriented
b.	Do a lot of thinking
c.	Work in the comfort of groups
d.	Active training participants
e.	Reserved

Answer: a.  People oriented
Reference: Suckow MA, Douglas FA, Weichbrod RH, eds.  2001.  Management of Laboratory Animal Care and Use Programs.  CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.  Chapter 2 - Management of Education and Training Programs, p. 23.
Task 8, K4

88. 	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the recommended floor space for guinea pigs weighing less than 350 grams is __________?

a.	30 in2
b.	40 in2
c.	50 in2
d.	60 in2
e.	70 in2

Answer: d.  60 in2
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 27 (Space Recommendations, Table 2.1).
Task 4, K1; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

89. 	Reflexive withdrawal from noxious stimulation is observed as early as what embryonic day in the rat?

a.	E14
b.	E15
c.	E16
d.	E17
e.	E18

Answer: d.  E17
Reference: Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Division on Earth and Life Studies.  2003.  Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research.  National Academies Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 7 – Perinatal Studies, p.103. 
Task 2, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

90. 	Which of the following educational programs or organizations was developed to provide instruction in management concepts that are applicable to the laboratory animal science industry and to enhance communication, team building, and networking among colleagues with mutual interests?

a.	Certified Manager Animal Resources
b.	Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources 
c.	American Society of Laboratory Animal Management
d.	Institute for Laboratory Animal Management
e.	Laboratory Animal Management Association

Answer: d.  Institute for Laboratory Animal Management
References:
1)	http://www.aalas.org/association/ilam.asp
2)	http://www.aalas.org/certification/cmar.asp
Task 8, K2

91. 	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the number and qualifications of personnel required to conduct and support an animal care and use program depend on all of the following factors EXCEPT?

a.	Type and size of institution
b.	Source and amount ($) of research funding
c.	Administrative structure for providing adequate animal care
d.	Physical plant characteristics
e.	Nature of the research, testing, and educational activities

Answer: b.  Source and amount ($) of research funding
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 – Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 13 (Personnel Qualifications and Training).
Task 8, K1

92. 	Which of the following statements describes eustress in animals?

a.	Results when an animal’s response to stimuli causes neither harmful nor beneficial effects to the animal
b.	Results when an animal’s response to stimuli interferes with its well-being and comfort
c.	Results when harmless stimuli initiate adaptive responses that are beneficial to the animal
d.	Results when physical, physiological, or emotional factors induce an alteration in an animal’s adaptive state

Answer: c.  Results when harmless stimuli initiate adaptive responses that are beneficial to the animal
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), p. 2 (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 2, K1, K3

93.  	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, how often should the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee meet?

a.	At least monthly
b.	At least once every 3 months
c.	At least once every 6 months
d.	At least once every year
e.	As needed

Answer: c.  At least once every 6 months
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 – Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 9 (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee).
Task 7, K2

94.  	According to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following is responsible for ensuring an individual caring for or using animals is qualified to do so?

a.	Attending Veterinarian
b.	Institution or research facility
c.	Individual
d.	Office of Environmental Health and Safety
e.	Department Supervisor

Answer: b.  Institution or research facility
References:
1)	Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1 – Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, p. 13 (Personnel Qualifications and Training).
2)	Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, pp. 14.
3)	Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.32 (a) Personnel qualifications (1-1-00 Edition, p. 24).
Task 8, K1

95.  	If the null hypothesis is accepted when in fact the alternative hypothesis is true, which of the following types of error has occurred?

a.	Type I
b.	Type II
c.	Type III
d.	Type IV
e.	Type V

Answer: b. Type II
References: 
1)	Moore and McCabe.  2005.  Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 3rd edition.  W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, p. 493.
2)	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_error#Type_II_error
Task 10, K3

96.  	All of the following clinical or physical signs indicate severe or chronic pain/distress in a mouse EXCEPT?

a.	Wasting of dorsal musculature
b.	Soiled hair coat
c.	Sunken eyes
d.	Decreased vibrissal movements
e.	Bruxism

Answer: e.  Bruxism
Reference:  Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Monitoring of Analgesia, p. 93 (Table II).
Task 2, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

97.  	Which of the following types of strains are inbred strains of mice that differ at only a single locus through mutation occurring in that strain?

a.	Consomic
b.	Congenic
c.	Conplastic
d.	Coisogenic
e.	Segregating inbred

Answer:  d.  Coisogenic
References: 
1)	Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds.  2007.  The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 5 – Mouse Strain and Genetic Nomenclature, p. 87.
2)	http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/cnt_rules-for-nomen.shtml
Task 7, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

98.  	Which of the following classes of DNA markers is used to rapidly and accurately determine the genetic purity of a mouse strain, is the most common type of genetic variation in the genome and has the added advantage of providing more detailed coverage of the genome than other marker panels?

a.	Simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLP)
b.	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
c.	Isoenzymes
d.	Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs)

Answer: b.  Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Reference: Fox JG, Barthold SW, Davisson MT, Newcomer CE, Quimby FW, Smith AL, eds.  2007.  The Mouse in Biomedical Research, 2nd edition, Volume 1 – History, Wild Mice, and Genetics.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 8 – Genetic Monitoring, p. 140. 
Task 9, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

99.  	The Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations require that the attending veterinarian have oversight over which of the following aspects of animal care and use?

a.	Animal husbandry and nutrition
b.	Sanitation practices
c.	Zoonosis control
d.	Hazard containment
e.	All of the above

Answer: e.  All of the above
Reference:  Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 1- Institutional Policies and Responsibilities, pp. 12-13 (Veterinary Care).
Task 5, K1

100.  	Which of the following agents has been shown to induce a rapid, elevated IL6 response in the nasal cavity and respiratory tract of C57BL/6 mice? 

a.	Acetylcholine 
b.	Urecholine 
c.	Carbamoylcholine chloride
d.	Pilocarpine 
e.	Physostigmine

Answer: c.  Carbamoylcholine chloride
Reference: Lu et al.  2007.  Carbamoylcholine chloride induces a rapid increase in IL6 in the nasal cavity of C57BL/6 mice. Comp Med 57(4):349-354.
Task 1, K6, K10; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

101.  	According to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, how often must the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee review the institution’s program for humane care and use of animals?

a.	Monthly
b.	At least once every 3 months
c.	At least once every 6 months
d.	Every year
e.	Every 3 years

Answer: c.  At least once every 6 months
Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, p. 12.
Task 5, K4

102.  	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, which of the following is a “conditionally acceptable” method of euthanasia for dogs?

a.	CO2 
b.	CO
c.	Electrocution
d.	Potassium chloride
e.	Potassium chloride in conjunction with general anesthesia

Answer: c.  Electrocution
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), Appendix 1, p. 28, Appendix 4, p. 36 (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 2, K8; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

103.	Which of the following in vivo imaging modalities showed high correlation for ovarian volume and antral follicle counts in macaques when compared to direct post mortem measurements?

a.	Phase-contrast micro-tomography 
a.	Multidetector computed tomography 
b.	3D fluorescence tomography 
c.	Electron-beam computed tomography 
d.	Single photon emission computed tomography 

Answer: b.  Multidetector computed tomography 
Reference: Jones et al.  2007.  Multidetector computed tomographic morphology of ovaries in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).  JAALAS 46(5):54-63.
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

104.	Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole agent that exerts nematocidal activity through which of the following actions?

a.	Binding to nematode glutamate-gated sodium channels
b.	Inhibiting nematode chitin formation
c.	Binding to nematode tubulin
d.	Inhibiting nematode cholinesterase

Answer: c. Binding to nematode tubulin
Reference: Reichard et al.  2007.  Efficacy of fenbendazole and milbemycin oxime for treating baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) infected with Trichuris trichiura.   JAALAS 46(2):42-45.
Task 1, K6

105.	Which of the following hormones is the primary hormone released from the mouse thyroid?

a.	T3
b.	Thyroxine
c.	Triiodothyronine
d.	TSH

Answer: b. Thryoxine
Reference: Altholtz et al.  2006.  Dose dependent hypothyroidism in mice induced by commercial trimethoprim-sultamethoxazole rodent feed.  Comp Med 56(5): 394-401.
Task 1, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

106.	Which of the following hormones is implicated in rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) regulation?

a.	Aldosterone
b.	Melatonin
c.	Leptin
d.	Prolactin

Answer: d.  Prolactin
Reference: Toth  et al.  2006.  Sleep, temperature, activity, and prolactin phenotypes of genetically epilepsy-prone rats.  Comp Med 56(5):402-415.
Task 1, K2

107.	Which of the following coagulation tests is found to be prolonged or abnormal in PL/J mice as compared with C57BL/6J mice?

a.	Activated prothrombin time
b.	D-dimer
c.	Activated partial thromboplastin time
d.	Fibrinogen

Answer: c.  Activated partial thromboplastin time
Reference: Trammell et al.  2006.  Fatal hemorrhagic diathesis associated with mild factor IX deficiency in PL/J mice.  Comp Med 56(5):426-434.
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

108.	Which of the following species is naturally resistant to Cryptococcus neoformans infection?

a.	Mouse
b.	Rat
c.	Guinea pig
d.	Rabbit

Answer: d.  Rabbit    
Reference:  Carroll et al.  2007.  Mammalian model hosts of Cryptococcal infection. Comp Med 57(1): 9-17.
Task 1, K3; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

109.	What application type is a grant with ID number 2 R01 AI183723 01 A1?

a.	New application
b.	Renewal
c.	Noncompeting continuation
d.	Supplement
e.	ID number does not provide that information

Answer: b.  Renewal
References:
1)	http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/cycle/part08.htm#d
2)	http://www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/glossary/default.htm#apptype
Task 10, K5

110.	A diet low in L-tryptophan (under 0.1%) may cause which of the following problems in guinea pigs?

a.	Drowsiness
b.	Abnormal bone repair
c.	Trembling
d.	Fatty liver
e.	Cataracts

Answer: e. Cataracts
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 241.
Task 1, K16; Secondary Species - Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

111.	Which of the following reasons accounts for the lack of freemartinism in callitrichids?

a.	Presence of steroid hormones
b.	Presence of thyroid hormones
c.	Frequent twinning
d.	Presence of estrogen
e.	Presence of aromatizing enzymes

Answer: e. Presence of aromatizing enzymes
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 683-682
Task 3, K2; Tertiary Species- Other Nonhuman Primates

112.	Which of the following factors may contribute to the high female-to-female transmission rate of simian T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (STLV1) in baboons?

a.	Sexual transmission
b.	Mother-to-infant
c.	Fomite transmission
d.	Parenterally via fighting

Answer: d.  Parenterally via fighting
Reference: d’Offay et al.  2007. Transmission dynamics of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV1) in a baboon breeding colony: predominance of female-to-female transmission.  Comp Med 57(1):105-114.
Task 1, K4, K7; Secondary Species- Baboon (Papio spp.)

113.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which facilities housing USDA covered species must have a written program of veterinary care?

a.	All research facilities
b.	Dealers, exhibitors and research facilities that house only USDA covered species
c.	Only research facilities that employ a part-time or consulting veterinarian 
d.	All dealers, exhibitors and research facilities
e.	Dealers, exhibitors and research facilities that employ a part-time or consulting veterinarian

Answer: e.  Dealers, exhibitors and research facilities that employ a part-time or consulting veterinarian
Reference:
1) 	USDA Animal Care Policy #3 – Veterinary Care.  January 14, 2000.
2) 	Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.33 Attending veterinarian and adequate veterinary care (1-1-01 Edition, p. 24).
3) Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart D – Attending Veterinarian and Adequate Veterinary Care, §2.40 Attending veterinarian and adequate veterinary care (dealers and exhibitors) (1-1-01 Edition, p. 30).
Task 5, K4

114.	Which of the following carbon dioxide exposure times is recommended for euthanasia of nonhaired mouse pups 0 to 6 days age?

a.	5 minutes
b.	10 minutes
c.	20 minutes
d.	60 minutes
e.	None of the above

Answer: d.  60 minutes
Reference: Pritchett et al.  2005.  Euthanasia of neonatal mice with carbon dioxide.  Comp Med 55(3):275-281.
Task 2, K8; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

115.	Which of the following IS NOT an effect or property of buprenorphine?

a.	Enhances the respiratory depressant properties of other opioid m receptor agonists
b.	Acts as a partial m receptor agonist
c.	Is mostly excreted unchanged in the feces
d.	Produces analgesia and other CNS side effects similar to those produced by morphine

Answer: a. Enhances the respiratory depressant properties of other opioid m receptor agonists
Reference: Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Pharmacology of Analgesics, p. 53.
Task 2, K5 

116.	At physiological pH, which form of morphine predominates in solution?

a.	The uncharged or freebase form of morphine 
b.	The form of morphine with a charge on the nitrogen 
c.	The form of morphine lacking the proton on the phenolic hydroxyl group at carbon 3 
d.	The free alkaline form of morphine

Answer: b. The form with the charge on the nitrogen 
Reference: Stevens and Balahura.  2007.  Aspects of morphine chemistry important to persons working with cold-blooded animals, especially fish.  Comp Med 57(2):161-166.
Task 2, K5

117.	The total solubility of morphine increases with which of the following factors?

a.	Dissolving in 0.9% saline instead of water
b.	Increasing pH
c.	Increasing the temperature
d.	Dissolving in 5% dextrose instead of water

Answer: c.  Increasing the temperature
Reference: Stevens and Balahura.  2007.  Aspects of morphine chemistry important to persons working with cold-blooded animals, especially fish.  Comp Med 57(2):161-166.
Task 2, K5

118.	Which of the following inhaled anesthetics is degraded by carbon dioxide absorbents into compound A, a nephrotoxin in nonhuman primates?

a.	Isoflurane
b.	Sevoflurane
c.	Halothane
d.	Ether
e.	Methoxyflurane

Answer: b. Sevoflurane
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 994.
Task 2, K6; General Species - Nonhuman Primates

119.	Which of the following refers to the reduction or prevention of pain by the administration of analgesics prior to a noxious insult?

a.	Preemptive analgesia
b.	Wind-up pain
c.	Neuropathic pain
d.	Somatic pain

Answer: a.  Preemptive analgesia
Reference: Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 –Monitoring of Analgesia, p. 89.
Task 2, K5

120.	Which of the following anesthetic combinations provides neuroleptanalgesia?

a.	Fentanyl-butorphanol
b.	Fentanyl-ketamine
c.	Naloxone-medetomidine
d.	Fentanyl-droperidol

Answer: d.  Fentanyl-droperidol
References:
1)  	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22-Preanesthetic, Anesthesia, Analgesia and Euthanasia, pp. 970.
2)	Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1 – Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics.  pp. 17.
Task 2, K5

121.	The myocardial performance index (MPI), a non-invasive measure of cardiac function, is independent of which of the following cardiac parameters?

a.	Cardiac geometry
b.	Cardiac contractility
c.	Cardiac preload
d.	Cardiac afterload

Answer: a.  Cardiac geometry
Reference: Hayward and Hydock.  2007.  Doxirubicin cardiotoxicity in the rat: an in vivo characterization.  JAALAS 46(4):20-32.
Task 3, K1 

122.	Which of the following methods is the most widely used method for assessing hearing sensitivity in rats, mice, and most other laboratory animals?

a.	Prepulse inhibition 
b.	Auditory brainstem-evoked response 
c.	Acoustic tympanogram 
d.	Acoustic startle response

Answer: b. Auditory brainstem-evoked response
Reference: Willott.  2007. Factors affecting hearing in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals.  JAALAS 46(1):23-27.
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

123.	The glucose analog [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose is a radiotracer commonly used to estimate brain activity in which of the following imaging modalities?

a.	Three dimensional contrast echocardiography
b.	Magnetic resonance imaging 
c.	Computed tomography scan
d.	Positron emission tomography

Answer: d.  Positron emission tomography (PET)
Reference: Brammer et al.  2007.  Harderian gland adenectomy: a method to eliminate confounding radio-opacity in the assessment of rat brain metabolism by 18F-flouro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography.  JAALAS 46(5):42-45.
Task 3, K1 

124.	Which of the following IS NOT a subspecies of Mus musculus?

a.	Castaneus
b.	Domesticus
c.	Molossinus
d.	Spretus

Answer: d.  Spretus
References: 
1)	Hedrich H, ed.  2004.  The Laboratory Mouse.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1 – Origin of the Laboratory Mouse and Related Subspecies, p. 6 (Figure 1.3).
2)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 35. 
Task 3, K3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

125.	All of the following methods of euthanasia in mice were found to result in a loss of cortical activity within 30 seconds EXCEPT?

a.	70% CO2 administered by positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
b.	100% CO2 administered by PPV
c.	Decapitation
d.	Cervical dislocation

Answer: a.  70% CO2 administered by positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
Reference: Cartner et al.  2007. Loss of cortical function in mice after decapitation, cervical dislocation, potassium chloride injection and C02 inhalation. Comp Med 57(6):570-573.
Task 3, K6; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

126.	According to the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia, which of the following methods of euthanasia is conditionally acceptable for use in rodents?

a.	Barbiturate overdose
b.	CO2 
c.	Potassium chloride in conjunction with general anesthesia
d.	Cervical dislocation

Answer: d.  Cervical dislocation
Reference: American Veterinary Medical Association.  2007.  AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia), p. 29 (Appendix 1) (http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf).
Task 7, K1; General Species - Rodents

127.	Gamma irradiation mainly renders microorganisms nonviable by which of the following mechanisms?

a.	Formation of pyrimidine dimers
b.	Oxidation
c.	DNA cleavage or breaks
d.	DNA methylation
e.	Disruption of histone complex

Answer: c. DNA cleavage or breaks
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 10 – Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs, p. 369.
Task 4, K2

128.	Which of the following viral hemorrhagic diseases IS NOT considered zoonotic?

a.	Yellow fever
b.	Simian hemorrhagic fever
c.	Dengue
d.	Ebola
e.	Marburg virus disease

Answer: b. Simian hemorrhagic fever
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 25 Selected Zoonoses – p. 1063.
Task 4, K9; General Species – Nonhuman Primates

129.	Which of the following statements applies to a pyramid breeding system in mice?

a.	The foundation stock colony is at the base of the pyramid
b.	The pedigree expansion stock colony should be physically separated from the other colonies to prevent major loss
c.	The production stock colony is pedigreed and strict brother-sister matings are maintained
d.	Offspring from the foundation stock breeders are used to supply the next layer in the pyramid, the pedigree expansion stock colony

Answer: d. Offspring from the foundation stock breeders are used to supply the next layer in the pyramid, the pedigree expansion stock colony
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 27 - Genetic Monitoring, p. 1121. 
Task 4, K6; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

130.	Which of the following statements pertains to the use of vascular access ports in large animal species?

a.	Once the incisions have healed, sterile technique is no longer needed, and a “clean” technique can be used to access the port
b.	Vascular access ports can be used for arterial blood pressure monitoring
c.	Standard treatment of an infected implant should consist of antibiotic therapy and frequent flushing of the catheter and port
d.	Hypodermic needles are recommended when injecting into the port
e.	Titanium ports are generally not recommended for studies that require magnetic resonance imaging

Answer: b.  Vascular access ports can be used for arterial blood pressure monitoring
Reference: Swindle et al.  2005.  Vascular access port (VAP) usage in large animal species.  Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 44(3): 7-17.
Task 5, K2

131.	In the wild, which of the following social structures best describes that of Macaca mulatta?

a.	Monogamous pairs
b.	Single male, multi-female group
c.	Multi-male, multi-female group with a strict female hierarchy
d.	Single female, multi-male group

Answer: c. Multi-male, multi-female group with a strict female hierarchy
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 699.
Task 4, K1, K6; Primary Species- Macaques (Macaca spp.)

132.	Obesity in dogs is defined as a body weight that is what percentage over the ideal?

a.	10-15
b.	20-25
c.	15-20
d.	30-35

Answer: b. 20-25%
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 11 - Biology and Diseases of Dogs, p. 431.
Task 4, K1; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

133.	According to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, a satellite facility is any containment outside of a core facility or centrally designated or managed area in which animals are housed for more than how many hours?

a.	8 hours
b.	12 hours
c.	24 hours
d.	36 hours
e.	48 hours

Answer: c.  24 hours
Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, p. 8.
Task 5, K1

134.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, for at least how long must a research facility maintain Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee records and reports?

a.	At least 6 months
b.	At least 1 year
c.	At least 2 years
d.	At least 3 years
e.	At least 5 years

Answer: d.  At least 3 years 
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.35(f) Recordkeeping requirements.  (1-1-00 Edition, p 26).
Task 5, K1

135.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, a research facility shall maintain all of the following Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) records EXCEPT?

a.	Records of semiannual reports and recommendations
b.	Minutes of IACUC meetings
c.	Records of AAALAC accreditation status
d.	Records of proposed activities
e.	No recordkeeping requirements are stated

Answer: c. Records of AAALAC accreditation status
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.35(a)(1)(2)(3) Recordkeeping requirements (1-1-00 Edition, p. 25).
Task 5, K1

136.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following statements applies to a consultant invited by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to assist with review of complex issues?

a.	May approve or withhold approval
b.	May vote with the IACUC
c.	May serve as an ad hoc member
d.	May not approve or withhold approval of an activity

Answer: d.  May not approve or withhold approval of an activity
Reference:  Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 35).
Task 7, K2

137.	What period does the annual report for research facilities to the USDA Animal Care Regional Office cover?

a.  	October 1 through September 30
b.  	November 1 though October 31
c.  	January 1 through December 31
d.  	June 1 through May 31
e.  	July 1 through June 30

Answer: a.  October 1 through September 30
Reference: APHIS.  Animal Care Policy Manual.  Policy #17: Annual Report for Research Facilities, 17.1-17.4.  March 17, 1999.
Task 7, K1

138.	Which of the following types of protection is provided by a class I biological safety cabinet?

a.	Environmental only
b.	Personnel and product only
c.	Product only
d.	Personnel and environmental only
e.	Product and environmental only

Answer: d.  Personnel and environmental only
References: 
1)	U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.   Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets, pp. 293, 313 (Table 2)
(http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm)
2)	Personnel & Product Protection: A Guide to Biosafety Enclosures. An Industry service Publication. LABCONCO Corporation, 2006, p. 7.
Task 6, K3 

139.	In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following bacteria converts nitrite to the relatively nontoxic nitrate?

a.	Rhizobium spp.
b.	Nitrosomonas spp.
c.	Nitrobacter spp.
d.	Azotobacter spp.

Answer: c.  Nitrobacter spp.
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, p. 869.
Task 6, K4 

140.	Which of the following types of contact bedding has no effect on liver enzymes in rats?

a.	Heat-treated pine bedding
b.	Corncob bedding
c.	Cedar chip bedding
d.	All types of contact bedding have an effect on liver enzymes in rats

Answer: b.  Corncob bedding
Reference: Sauer et al.  2006.  Clinical pathology laboratory values of rats housed in wire-bottom cages compared with those of rats housed in solid-bottom cages.  JAALAS 45(1):30-35.
Task 6, K4; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

141.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, which of the following statements describes exercise requirements for dogs?

a.	Dogs over the age of 16 weeks must be given the opportunity for exercise
b.	Exemptions must be documented and reviewed by the IACUC every 30 days
c.	Dogs housed in runs that provide more than 2 times the required floor space for that animal are exempt from exercise requirements
d.	Group housed dogs are exempt as long as they are compatible groups
e.	There is no exercise requirement for dogs

Answer: c. Dogs housed in runs that provide more than 2 times the required floor space for that animal are exempt from exercise requirements
Reference: 
1) Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 24.
2) Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of dogs and cats, §3.8(a) Exercise for dogs.  (1-1-00 Edition, pp. 50-51).
Task 4, K1; Primary Species - Dog (Canis familiaris)

142.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the traditional temperature requirement for rinse water (water in the tank or in the sprayer manifold) used in washing and disinfecting primary enclosures is what temperature?

a.	180°F
b.	150°F
c.	143°F
d.	130°F
b.	100°F

Answer: a. 180°F
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, pp. 43.
Task 6, K1, K5

143.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, enclosures and accessories should be sanitized at least how often?

a.	Twice per week
b.	Once a week
c.	Once every two weeks
d.	Once every three weeks

Answer: c.  Once every two weeks
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, pp. 43.
Task 6, K1

144.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which of the following statements best describes airflow in an animal surgery room?

a.	High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered into the room, positive to the hallway
b.	HEPA filtered out of the room, room negative to the hallway
c.	HEPA filtered into the room, room negative to the hallway
d.	HEPA filtered out of the room, room positive to the hallway

Answer:  a. High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered into the room, positive to the hallway
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 4 – Physical Plant, p. 76 (Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)).
Task 6, K1, K5

145.	According to the Health Research Extension Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-158), who is ultimately responsible for the establishment of guidelines for the proper care and use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research?

a.	Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services
b.	Institutional Official
c.	Attending Veterinarian
d.	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 

Answer: a.  Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services
References:
1)	Health Research Extension Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-158); November 20, 1985 “Animals in Research”
2)	 Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, p. 1.
Task 7, K1 

146.	Who has the responsibility for the general administration and coordination of the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals? 

a.	Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
b.	Director of the National Institutes of Health
c.	Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services
d.	Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 
e.	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Answer: a. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, preface.
Task 7, K1

147.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, the ambient temperature in the facility must not fall below which of the following temperatures for cats and dogs not acclimated to lower temperatures, for short-haired breeds, and for sick, aged, young, or infirm dogs and cats?

a.	40oF
b.	45oF
c.	50oF
d.	640F
e.	55oF

Answer: c.  50o F.
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of dogs and cats, §3.2(a) Heating, cooling, and temperatures.  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 45).
Task 4, K1; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris) and Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domestica) 

148.	What act authorizes the Fisheries and Wildlife Service to regulate the importation, transportation, sale, receipt, acquisition, or purchase of potentially injurious foreign fish, wildlife or plants? 

a.	Lacey Act
b.	Animal Welfare Act
c.	Endangered Species Act
d.	Food Security Act
e.	Pet Theft Act

Answer: a. Lacey Act
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 30.
Task 7, K1

149.	According to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, who appoints members of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?

a.	Institutional Official
b.	IACUC Chair
c.	Chief Executive Officer 
d.	Vice Chancellor for Research

Answer: c.  Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Reference: Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,  p. 11.
Task 7, K1

150.	Which of the following individuals or groups of individuals is responsible for achieving and monitoring adherence to the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals through voluntary compliance with his/her/their institution’s approved Assurance? 

a.	Principal investigator
b.	Attending veterinarian 
c.	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
d.	Institutional official
e.	Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare

Answer: c.  Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
References:
1)	Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.  2002.  Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, pp. 9-10.
2)	Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds.  2006.  The Laboratory Rat, 2nd ed.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 2 – Ethical and Legal Perspectives, p. 61.
Task 5, K1

151.	The Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act and it regulations require that proposals submitted to the IACUC be kept for how long, even if approval was not granted or animals were not used?

a.	0 month
a.	6 months
b.	1 year
c.	3 years
d.	5 years

Answer: d.  3 years
Reference: Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW).  2002.  Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook.  2nd Edition.  OLAW, Bethesda, MD., p. 170.
Task 7, K1

152.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, whose responsibility is it for ensuring the qualifications of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members and that this responsibility is filled in part through the provision of training and instruction? 

a.	Institutional official
b.	Research facility
c.	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 
d.	IACUC Chair
e.	Office of Animal Care

Answer: b.  Research facility
Reference: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Care Policy Manual.  Policy # 15: IACUC Membership.  March 7, 2006.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/policy/policy15.pdf
Task 8, K1

153.	Doxirubicin cardiotoxicity in the rat has been used to produce which of the following disease models?

a.	Dilated cardiomyopathy
b.	Sinoatrial (SA) node derived arrhythmia 
c.	Mitral valve Insufficiency
d.	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer: a. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Reference: Hayward and Hydock.  2007.  Doxirubicin cardiotoxicity in the rat: an in vivo characterization.  JAALAS 46(4):20-32.
Task 9, K1; Secondary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

154.	Which of the following microsomal enzymes is the most abundant cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzyme in the body?

a.	CYP1A
b.	CYP2B
c.	CYP2E
d.	CYP3A

Answer: d.  CYP3A
Reference: Ruben et al.  2007.  Effects of bedding substrates on microsomal enzymes in rabbit liver.  JAALAS 46(3):8-12.
Task 1, K2

155.	Which of the following federal agencies regulates the importation of nonhuman primates into the Unites States?

a.	United States Department of Agriculture
b.	United States Department of the Interior
c.	Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
d.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
e.	Food and Drug Administration

Answer: d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 2 – Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals, p. 30.
Task 7, K1

156.	Which of the following physiological measures is unreliable for monitoring anesthetic depth and the general physiological state of animals given neuromuscular blocking drugs?

a.	Heart rate
b.	Electroencephalogram
c.	Palpebral reflex
d.	Pupil size
e.	End-tidal CO2

Answer: c.  Palpebral reflex
Reference: Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research.  2003.  Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 5 – Prolonged Nonsurvival Studies, pp. 90-91.
Task 2, K6

157.	Which of the following dietary manipulations prevented hormone-refractory prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats?

a.	Moderate caloric restriction
b.	Dietary supplementation with soy protein isolate with high isoflavones 
c.	Dietary supplementation with casein protein isolate
d.	Dietary manipulations do not alter prostate cancer development or progression
e.	Dietary 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide

Answer: b.  Dietary supplementation with soy protein isolate with high isoflavones 
Reference: Pollard and Suckow.  2006.  Dietary prevention of hormone refractory prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats:  a review of studies in a relevant animal model.  Comp Med 56(6):461-467.
Task 1, K5, K16; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

158.	NIH is currently transitioning from paper submission of grant applications to electronic submission via the web portal of Grants.gov while simultaneously phasing out the PHS398 grant application form and replacing it with which of the following submission forms?

a.	PHS 399
b.	SF 424 (R&R)
c.	PHS 2590
d.	HHS 568
e.	PHS 416-1

Answer: b. SF 424 (R&R)
Reference: NIH Office of Extramural Research, Electronic Submission of Grant Applications (http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/strategy_timeline.htm)
Task 10, K5 

159.	What is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease?

a.	Salmonella choleraesuis
b.	Mycoplasma hyorhinis
c.	Haemophilus parasuis
d.	Streptococcus suis
e.	Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer: c.  Haemophilus parasuis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 15 - Biology and Diseases of the Swine, p. 631.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

160.	To which of the following viral families does the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine belong?

a.	Coronaviridae
b.	Arteriviridae
c.	Rotaviridae
d.	Circoviridae
e.	Parvoviridae

Answer: a.  Coronaviridae
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 15 - Biology and Diseases of the Swine, pp. 644 (Table IV. Common Infectious Causes of Enteritis in Newborn to Postweaning Age Swine), 649.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa)

161.	Under Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies (CFR 21, Part 58), any deviations from Standard Operating Procedures are to be authorized by whom?

a.	Study Director
b.	Study Sponsor
c.	Testing Facility
d.	Quality Assurance Unit

Answer: a.  Study Director
Reference: Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Code of Federal Regulations 21 Part 58.
Task 7, K1

162.	Which of the following species IS NOT covered by the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations?

a.	Cavia porcellus
b.	Peromyscus leucopus
c.	Sigmodon hispidus
d.	Trachemys scripta elegans

Answer: d.  Trachemys scripta elegans
Reference: Animal Care.  January 2002.  APHIS Fact Sheet: The Animal Welfare Act.
Task 5, K1; Tertiary Species – Reptiles

163.	All of the following statements apply to NOD/SCID mice EXCEPT? 

a.	Most commonly used strain of immunodeficient mice for studying hemopoietic stem cell biology 
b.	Additional defects in natural killer cell and macrophage function 
c.	High incidence of thymic lymphomas and shortened lifespan 
d.	Resistant to irradiation

Answer: d.  Resistant to irradiation
Reference: Larsen et al.  2006.  Damage to incisors after nonmyeloablative total body irradiation may complicate NOD/SCID models of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.  Comp Med 56(3):209-214.
Task 1, K12; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

164.	Which of the following describes the effects of outdoor housing on self-injurious behavior (SIB) in adult rhesus macaques?

a.	SIB is reduced if animals are given access to outdoor housing in social groups 
b.	SIB is not reduced by outdoor housing if animals are individually housed
c.	SIB is reduced by outdoor housing regardless of whether animals are socially or individually housed
d.	SIB is not reduced by outdoor housing regardless of whether animals are socially or individually housed

Answer: c.  SIB is reduced by outdoor housing regardless of whether animals are socially or individually housed
Reference: Fontenot et al.  2006.  Effects of outdoor housing on self-injurious and stereotypic behaviour in adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).  JAALAS 45(5):35-43. 
Task 1, K13; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)

165.	What law promulgated authority for creation of good laboratory practice for nonclinical laboratory studies?

a.  	Animal Welfare Act
b.  	Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
c.  	Health Research Extension Act
d.  	Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
e.  	Toxic Substances Control Act

Answer: b.  Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
Reference: Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 58, Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies.
Task 7, K1

166.	Which of the following Pasteurella multocida serotypes is most frequently associated with snuffles in rabbits?

a.	3:A
b.	3:D
c.	12:D
d.	12:A
e.	3:C

Answer: d.  12:A
References:
1)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2007.		Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd Ed.  Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 6 - Rabbit, p. 264. 
2)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 2nd ed.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 6 - Rabbit, p. 260.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

167.	Which of the following describes the etiological agent of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice?

a.	Calicivirus
b.	Rotavirus 
c.	Reovirus
d.	Coronavirus
e.	Parvovirus

Answer: b.  Rotavirus
References:
1)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2007.		Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 3rd Ed.  Blackwell Publishing: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 1 - Mouse, p. 42. 
2)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits, 2nd ed.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 1 - Mouse, p. 38.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

168.	 In cattle, there is no venereal transmission of which of the following diseases?

a.	Anaplasmosis
b.	Trichomoniasis
c.	Mycoplasmal diseases
d.	Leptospirosis

Answer: a.  Anaplasmosis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 14 - Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle, pp. 553, 562, 585, 591
Task 1, K3; Tertiary Species – Other Livestock Species

169.	Mice with chronic skin disease due to an ectromelia virus infection can transmit infection by which of the following routes?

a.	Contact
b.	Aerosol
c.	Arthropod-borne
d.	Urine
e.	Milk

Answer: a.  Contact
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 56.
Task 1, K4, K7; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

170.	According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following categories of bioterrorism agents or diseases includes emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of availability, ease of production and dissemination, and potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact?

a.	Category A
b.	Category B
c.	Category C
d.	Category D

Answer: c.  Category C
Reference: CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response: Bioterrorism Agents by Category: http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp
Task 4, K9

171.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, a protocol can only be approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under which of the following conditions?

a.	At least 50% of the IACUC members are present at a convened meeting
b.	A majority (>50%) of the IACUC members are present at a convened meeting
c.	If the majority (>50%) of the quorum of the IACUC present at a convened meeting votes in favor of approval
d.	If all IACUC members with no conflicts of interest are present at a convened meeting

Answer: c.  If the majority (>50%) of the quorum of the IACUC present at a convened meeting votes in favor of approval
References:
1)	Applied Research Ethics National Association (ARENA) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW).  2002.  Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook.  2nd Edition.  OLAW: Bethesda, MD.  A.2.  Authority, Composition and Functions, pp. 15-16.
2)	Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31(d)(2) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).  (1-1-01 Edition, p. 23).
Task 5, K3
 
172.	Which of the following laryngoscope blades is recommended for use in intubating a rabbit?

a.	Miller
b.	Soper
c.	Macintosh
d.	Wisconsin
e.	Magill

Answer: d.  Wisconsin
Reference: Flecknell PA.  1996.   Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.   Chapter 3 – Anaesthesia, p. 21 (Table 3.1). 
Task 2, K6; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

173.	Which of the following agents and receptors are thought to be most important in the development of central sensitization?

a.	Glutamate and NMDA receptors
b.	Substance P and NMDA receptors 
c.	Neurokinin A and opioid receptors
d.	Prostaglandins and prostaglandin receptors
e.	Histamine and histamine receptors

Answer: a.  Glutamate and NMDA receptors
Reference: Flecknell PA and Waterman-Pearson, eds.  2000.  Pain Management in Animals, 1st ed.  WB Saunders: New York, NY. Chapter 2 - Physiology of Pain, p. 16.
Task 2, K4

174.	All of the following are reasons for using pre-anesthetic medication in laboratory animals EXCEPT?

a.	Stimulate the vaso-vagal reflex
b.	Reduce salivary and bronchial secretions
c.	Reduce the amount of other anesthetic agents used for induction
d.	Reduce fear and apprehension
e.	Provide smoother recovery from anesthesia

Answer: a.  Stimulate the vaso-vagal reflex
Reference: Flecknell PA.  1996.   Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.   Chapter 2 - Pre-Anaesthetic Medication, p. 6. 
Task 2, K6

175.	Which of the following is the most notable side effect when using halothane in guinea pigs?

a.	Hypothermia
b.	Respiratory depression
c.	Arrhythmia
d.	Hypotension
e.	All of the above

Answer: d.  Hypotension
Reference: Flecknell PA.  1996.   Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.   Chapter 7 - Anaesthesia of Common Laboratory Species, p. 181. 
Task 2, K6; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

176.	Which of the following euthanasia agents or methods IS NOT considered sufficient for amphibians?

a.	Sodium pentobarbital
b.	Tricaine methane sulfonate overdose
c.	Isoflurane
d.	Hypothermia
e.	Decapitation followed by double-pithing

Answer: d.  Hypothermia
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 17 - Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 814.
Task 5, K2; General Species – Amphibians

177.	All of the following statements apply to nitrous oxide anesthesia EXCEPT?

a. 	Used to reduce the amount of potent inhalation anesthetic agent needed
b.	Used to minimize respiratory and cardiovascular depression
c. 	Inadequate as a sole anesthetic
d. 	Activated charcoal scavenging systems are effective for removing nitrous oxide

Answer: d.  Activated charcoal scavenging systems are effective for removing nitrous oxide
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 - Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 959.
Task 2, K6

178.	Prolonged feeding of diets high in which of the following can result in renal disease in rabbits? 

a.	Calcium
b.	Phosphorus
c.	Magnesium
d.	Vitamin A
e.	Vitamin D

Answer: a.  Calcium
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 336.
Task 1, K16; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

179.	The relative amounts of the different forms of morphine depend on which of the following factors?

a.	pH
b.	Temperature
c.	Vendor
d.	pH and temperature 
e.	There is only one form or species of morphine

Answer: d.  pH and temperature
Reference: Stevens and Balaura.  2007.  Aspects of morphine chemistry important to persons working with cold-blooded animals, especially fish.   Comp Med 57(2):161-166. 
Task 2, K5

180.	Water is recovered in the distal tubules of the kidney by which of the following actions?

a.	Sodium reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone
b.	Sodium reabsorption stimulated by vasopressin
c.	Chloride reabsorption stimulated by vasopressin
d.	Aldosterone at V2 receptors 
e.	Vasopressin at V2 receptors

Answer: e.  Vasopressin at V2 receptors
Reference: Rowland.  2007.  Food or fluid restriction in common laboratory animals: balancing welfare considerations with scientific inquiry. Comp Med 57(2):149-160. 
Task 3, K2

181.	What of the following measures has proven to be the most effective in maintaining the health of dogs with exteriorized chronic intravascular catheters?

a.	Start antibiotic treatment as soon as the animal develops fever
b.	Start prolonged antibiotic treatment as soon as the WBC count exceeds 18,000 cells/ml
c.	Start prolonged antibiotic treatment as soon as the WBC count exceeds 22,000 cells/ml
d.	Establish antibiotic treatment as soon as blood culture results are known
e.	Treat with broad-spectrum antibiotics if the animal develops any clinical signs

Answer: b.  Start prolonged antibiotic treatment as soon as the WBC count exceeds 18,000 cells/ml
Reference: Winnicker et al.  2007.  Comparison of two strategies for diagnosis and treatment of infection in dogs (Canis familiaris) with long-term intravascular catheters.  JAALAS 46(4):55-60.
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

182.	Which of the following would be a reasonable maximum volume to inject intramuscularly into a 25 g mouse?

a.	Up to 0.1ml per site
b.	Up to 0.05ml per site
c.	Up to 0.01ml per site
d.	Never more than 0.2ml per site
e.	None of the above

Answer: b.  Up to 0.05 ml per site
Reference: Hau J and Van Hoosier GL, eds.  2002.  Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, 2nd ed.  Volume 1 – Essential Principles and Practices.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.  Chapter 15 - Common Non-Surgical Techniques and Procedures, p. 367 (Table 15.3).
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

183.	Which of the following laryngoscope blades is a curved laryngoscope blade?

a.	Phillips blade
b.	Wisconsin blade
c.	Choi blade
d.	Modified Miller blade
e.	Robershaw blade

Answer: c.  Choi blade
Reference: Kohn DF, Wixson SK, White WJ, Benson GJ, eds.  1997.  Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 7 – Anesthesia Equipment: Types and Uses, p. 144.
Task 2, K6

184.	Which of the following statement DOES NOT apply to biosafety level 3 practices?

a. 	Controlled access of personnel
b. 	Decontamination of clothing before laundering
c. 	Exotic agents that pose high risk of life-threatening disease by aerosol transmission
d. 	Class I or II biosafety cabinets

Answer: c.  Exotic agents that pose high risk of life-threatening disease by aerosol transmission.
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 722 (Table XXXVII).
Task 3, K1

185.	Which of the following terms describes a graft between genetically dissimilar animals of the same species?

a.	Autograft
b.	Heterograft
c.	Allograft
d.	Xenograft
e.	Isologous graft

Answer: c.  Allograft
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 23 - Techniques of Experimentation, p. 1033. 
Task 3, K1

186.	Which of the following breeding systems would be utilized to create a recombinant inbred mouse strain?

a.  	Repeated backcross of mutation-bearing mice for 10 or more generations
b. 	Brother-sister matings for >20 generations after crossing two inbred strains and their F1 to obtain an F2
c.  	Nonsibling matings from an F2 of a cross between two inbred strains
d.  	Brother-sister matings system for >20 generations with heterozygosity for the mutations forced by backcrossing
e.	Brother-sister matings for more than 20 generations

Answer: b.  Brother-sister matings for >20 generations after crossing two inbred strains and their F1 to obtain an F2
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 38 (Table I).
Task 4, K6; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
 
187.	Which of the following biological safety cabinets is often used as rodent cage change cabinets?

a.	Biological safety cabinet class I
b.	Biological safety cabinet class II type A
c.	Biological safety cabinet class II type B
d.	Biological safety cabinet class III

Answer: b.  Biological safety cabinet class II type A
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 - Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 945. 
Task 4, K1; General Species - Rodents

188.	In facilities housing rodents, fire alarms should operate at which of the following frequencies?

a.	Between 400 and 500 kHz
b.	Below 200 kHz
c.	Between 500 and 800 kHz
d.	Above 2000 kHz

Answer: a.  Between 400 and 500 kHz
Reference: Hau J and Van Hoosier GL, eds.  2002.  Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, 2nd ed.  Volume 1 – Essential Principles and Practices.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.  Chapter 8 - Laboratory Animal Facilities and Equipment for Conventional, Barrier and Containment Housing Systems, p. 149.
Task 6, K4, K5; General Species - Rodents

189.	Which of the following statements best describes optimal husbandry of zebrafish?

a.	Optimal temperature for zebrafish is 67°-79°F (19°-26°C), with lower temperatures being recommended to stimulate egg laying/reproductive behavior
b.	Like most freshwater species, zebrafish prefer a pH range of 6.8-7.2 with a pH of 7.0 being optimal
c.	Water conductivity is a convenient means to measure the amount of nitrites dissolved in water
d.	Zebrafish are generally considered to be a “soft” water species with optimum calcium and magnesium levels between 0-10 ppm

Answer: b.  Like most freshwater species, zebrafish prefer a pH range of 6.8-7.2 with a pH of 7.0 being optimal
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 866-869.
Task 4, K1; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

190.	Which type of study DOES NOT involve the imposition of an experimental treatment?

a.	Confirmatory study
b.	Exploratory study
c.	Observational study
d.	Pilot study

Answer: c.  Observational study
Reference: Festing, M.  2006.  Design and statistical methods in studies using animal models of development.  ILAR J 47(1):5-14.
Task 10, K1

191.	Which of the following allergens is the major allergen produced by mice?

a.	Mus m 2, a salivary protein
b.	Mus m 1, a salivary protein
c.	Mus m 2, a urinary protein
d.	M mus 1, a salivary protein
e.	Mus m 1, a urinary protein

Answer: e.  Mus m 1, a urinary protein
References: 
1)	Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1997.  Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 4- Allergens, p. 55.
2)	Myers et al.  2003.  Assessing the Risk of Transmission of Three Infectious Agents Among Mice Housed in a Negatively Pressurized Caging System.  Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 42(6):16-21. 
Task 4, K9; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)
 
192.	Which of the following statements describes the function of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system for research animal facilities?

a.	To maintain temperature and humidity
b.	To remove heat and particulate contaminants generated in animal rooms
c.	To maintain temperature and humidity and to remove heat and particulate contaminants in animal rooms
d.	To maintain temperature and humidity and to remove heat and gaseous contaminants in animal rooms
e.	To maintain temperature and humidity and to remove heat, particulate, and gaseous contaminants generate in animal rooms

Answer: e.  To maintain temperature and humidity and to remove heat, particulate, and gaseous contaminants in animal rooms
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 - Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 919. 
Task 6, K5

193.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is the recommended light level to prevent phototoxic retinopathy in albino rats?

a.	800 lux, measured 2 meters above the floor
b.	325 lux, measured at the cage level
c.	325 lux measured 1 meter above the floor
d.	800 lux, measured 1 meter above the floor
e.	325 lux, measured at the ceiling level

Answer: c.  325 lux measured 1 meter above the floor
References:
1)	Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 35 (Illumination).
2)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 - Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p 926. 
Task 6, K4; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

194.	Which of the following statements applies to biological safety cabinets (BSCs)?

a.	Only in class III BSCs does the exhaust air from the cabinet passes through high efficiency particulate air filters
b.	Class I and II BSCs are not suitable for working with infectious agents up to BSL-3
c.	Class III BSCs are suitable for working with infectious agents classified as BSL-4
d.	Class III BSCs are subdivided into types A and B

Answer: c.  Class III BSCs are suitable for working with infectious agents classified as BSL-4
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 - Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 945.
Task 6, K3

195.	Which of the following treatments could be used to treat drinking water for laboratory animals?

a. 	Hyperchlorination 
b. 	Acidification to a pH of 2.5-3.0
c. 	Reverse osmosis
d. 	All of above

Answer: d.  All of the above
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 - Design and Management of Animal Facilities, pp. 936-937.
Task 6, K9

196.	All of the following statements apply to cage sanitation and servicing areas in an animal facility EXCEPT?

a.	It’s one of the most important spaces in an animal facility
b.	Its location, design and equipment are very relevant to how effectively the unit will operate
c.	Animal cages are typically transported between animal rooms and the sanitation area one to three times per week
d.	Single room cage sanitation areas are highly recommended
e.	Space for bulk storage of cage sanitation chemicals should be considered 

Answer: d.  Single room cage sanitation areas are highly recommended
Reference: Hau J and Van Hoosier GL, eds.  2002.  Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, 2nd ed.  Volume 1 – Essential Principles and Practices.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.  Chapter 8 - Laboratory Animal Facilities and Equipment for Conventional, Barrier and Containment Housing Systems, p. 132.
Task 6, K5

197.	High efficiency particulate air filters rely on which of the following principles?

a.	Inertial forces bring very small particles into contact with charged filter fibers
b.	Inertial forces bring larger particles and very small particles into contact with charged filter fibers
c.	Inertial forces bring larger particles and Brownian motion brings very small particles into contact with charged filter fibers
d.	Brownian motion brings larger particles and very small particles into contact with charged filter fibers
e.	Inertial forces bring very small particles and Brownian motion brings larger particles into contact with charged filter fibers

Answer: c.  Inertial forces bring larger particles and Brownian motion brings very small particles into contact with charged filter fibers
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 21 – Design and Management of Animal Facilities, p. 920.
Task 6, K3
198.	Which of the following methods IS NOT an acceptable method of euthanasia in mouse and rat fetuses over 15 days gestation through birth?

a.	Cervical dislocation
b.	Decapitation with sharp scissors
c.	Rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen without prior anesthesia
d.	Injection of chemical anesthetics
e.	Anesthesia followed by chemical fixation

Answer: c.  Rapid freezing by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen
Reference: Public Statement: Report of the ACLAM Task Force on Rodent Euthanasia, pp. 2-3 (www.aclam.org/print/report_rodent_euth.pdf
Task 5, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus) and Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

199.	All of the following statements apply to training of laboratory animals EXCEPT?

a.	It provides the tools to improve husbandry and veterinary care
b.	Reduces abnormal and stereotypic behaviour
c.	Reduces aggression
d.	Interferes with enrichment programs
e.	Improves socialization

Answer: d.  Interferes with enrichment programs
Reference: Poole T, ed.  1999.  The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals, 7th ed.  Volume 1 – Terrestrial Vertebrates.  Wiley.  Chapter 4 - Training Laboratory Animals, p. 22.
Task 4, K1

200.	Which of the following types of rats is a well-known animal model of autoimmune type I diabetes?

a.	Zucker diabetic fatty
b.	BBDP
c.	Cohen diabetic rat
d.	Wistar fatty
e.	GK

Answer: b.  BBDP
Reference: Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, eds.  2006.  The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition.  Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 23 - Spontaneous, surgically and chemically induced models of disease, p. 714.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 

201.	Which of the following animal species is used to model epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?

a.	Rabbit
b.	Cotton rat
c.	Guinea pig
d.	Degus
e.	Zebrafish

Answer: b.  Cotton rat
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 7 – Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents, p. 270.
Task 9, K1; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 

202.	Which of the following animal species has been used extensively as a model for influenza research?

a. 	Dog
b. 	Ferret
c. 	Rabbit
d. 	Rat

Answer: b.  Ferret
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 13 - Biology and Diseases of Ferrets, pp. 484, 500.
Task 9, K1; Secondary Species – Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 

203.	Which of the following types of macaques is an animal model for male pattern baldness? 

a.	Macaca mulatta
b.	Macaca fasicularis
c.	Macaca munzala 
d.	Macaca arctoides
e.	Macaca nemestrina

Answer: d.  Macaca arctoides 
References: 
1)	Uno H.  The stump-tailed macaque as a model for baldness: effects of minoxidil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 8(2), pp 63–71
2)	AFIP Fascicle #212
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Macaques (Macaca spp.)
 
204.	The murine gammaherpesvirus 68 was identified as a natural pathogen in which of the following species?

a.	Wood mice
b.	House mice
c.	Harvest mice
d.	Deer mice
e.	White-footed mice

Answer: a.  Wood mice
Reference: Olivadoti et al.  2007.  Murine gammaherpesvirus 68: a model for the study of Epstein-Barr virus infections and related diseases.  Comp Med 57(1):44-50.
Task 1, K4; Tertiary Species – Other Rodents 

205.	Which of the following statements applies to crossover designs?

a.	Each animal receives some or all of the treatments being studied
b.	Treatment comparisons are largely or entirely between different animals
c.	Each animal receives a single treatment
d.	They are closely related to completely randomized designs
e.	Often have lesser statistical power than parallel group designs

Answer: a.  Each animal receives some or all of the treatments being studied
Reference: http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/chapter_1/Sec7/cmms7pg1.htm
Task 10, K1 

206.	Which of the following statements best describes what the significance level is?

a.	The probability of obtaining a false-negative result
b.	The probability of obtaining significant results
c.	The probability of obtaining a Type II error
d.	The probability of obtaining a false-positive result
e.	The probability of not having any errors

Answer: d.  The probability of obtaining a false-positive result
Reference: Festing MFW, Overend P, Das RG, Borja MC, Berdoy M.  2002.  The Design Of Animal Experiments: Reducing The Use of Animals In Research Through Better Experimental Design. Laboratory Animals Ltd. Chapter 5 - The determination of sample size, p. 75.
Task 10, K3

207.	In which of the following animal species does unilateral ligation of the carotid artery result in ipsilateral cerebral ischemia?

a.	Mus musculus
b.	Rattus norvegicus
c.	Meriones unguiculatus
d.	Cavia porcellus
e.	Felis cattus

Answer: c.  Meriones unguiculatus
Reference: Traystman et al.  2003.  Animal models of focal and global cerebral ischemia.  ILAR J 44(2) 85-95. 
Task 9, K1; Secondary Species – Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

208.	What is the average body temperature in the rabbit?

a.	36.5 - 37.5°C (97.7 – 99.5°F)
b.	37.5 - 38.5°C (99.5 – 101.3°F)
c.	38.5 - 39.5°C (101.3 – 103.1°F)
d.	39.5 - 40.5°C (103.1 – 104.9°F)

Answer: c. 38.5-39.5 °C
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 335 (Table V).
Task 3, K2; Primary Species - Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

209.	Which of the following vertebrae is the anticlinal vertebra in the dog?

a.	C7
a.	T7
b.	T11
c.	L6
d.	L7

Answer: c.  T11
Reference: Smith BJ, ed.  1999.  The National Veterinary Medical Series for Independent Study- Canine Anatomy.  Blackwell Publishing.  Chapter 18, p. 222.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

210.	Which of the following rodents has an X zone composed of basophilic cells in the adrenal cortex?

a.	Mice
b.	Rats
c.	Hamsters
d.	Guinea pigs
e.	Gerbil

Answer: a.  Mice
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 1 -  Mice, p. 9.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

211.	Which of the following types of placentation applies to guinea pigs?

a.   Epitheliochorial
b.   Endotheliochorial
c.   Hemoendothelial
d.   Hemomonochorionic

Answer: d.  Hemomonochorionic 
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 210.
Task 3, K2; Secondary Species - Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

212.	Which of the following effects describes when pheromones from a strange male mouse prevent implantation in recently bred females?

a.	Blandau
b.	Bruce
c.	Lee- Boot
d.   Schwartzmann 
e.   Whitten

Answer: b.  Bruce
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 50.  
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

213.	Which of the following types of guinea pigs are considered to be inbred strains?
 
a.	Hairless
b.	Hartley
c.	2 and 13
d.	Abyssinian
e.	4 and 19

Answer: c.  2 and 13
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 204.
Task 3, K3; Secondary Species - Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

214.	In which of the following nonhuman primate species is dizygotic twinning a common occurrence?

a.	Baboons
b.	Callitrichids
c.	Chimpanzees
d.	Owl monkeys

Answer: b. Callitrichids
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 683, 689, 708, 713.
Task 3, K2; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates

215.	Which of the following conditions is the most common genetic disorder observed in the gerbil?

a.	Epileptiform seizures
b.	Predilection to dental caries
c.	Malocclusion
d.	Cystic ovaries
e.	Amyloidosis

Answer: a.  Epileptiform seizures
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 4 – Gerbil, p. 204. 
Task 1, K12; Secondary Species – Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

216.	Which of the following statements describes the morphophysiology of female rats?

a.	Convoluted cerebrum, foramen of Magendie, limiting ridge, and tonsils
b.	Smooth cerebrum, bicornate uterus, unipapillate kidney
c.	Smooth cerebrum, tonsils, pyriform uterus, multipapillate kidney
d.	Convoluted cerebrum, gall bladder, limiting ridge, and duplex uterus
e.	Smooth cerebrum, limiting ridge, multipapillate kidneys

Answer: b.  Smooth cerebrum, bicornate uterus, unipapillate kidney
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp. 123-126.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species - Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

217.	Which of the following statements is applicable to hypovitaminosis C in guinea pigs?  

a.	Guinea pigs are able to synthesize ascorbic acid from glucose via the glucuronic pathway in times of need
b.	Defects in bile acid synthesis
c.	Ascorbic acid turnover is relatively constant with stable tissue concentrations and storage
d.	Guinea pigs are genetically deficient in L-gulonolactone oxidase

Answer: d. Guinea pigs are genetically deficient in l-gulonolactone oxidase
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, pp. 208, 230-232.
Task 1, K16; Secondary Species - Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

218.	Cheek pouches are specialized anatomical features found in the genera of which of the following families?

a.	Cebidae
b.	Tarsiidae 
c.	Callitrichidae
d.	Cercopithecidae
e.	Hylobatidae

Answer: d.  Cercopithecidae
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, pp. 679.
Task 3, K2, K3; General Species – Nonhuman Primates

219.	Where does the largest amount of hematopoeisis occur in infant mice?

a.	Bone marrow
b.	Spleen
c.	Liver
d.	Thymus

Answer: c.  Liver
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 1 - Mice, p. 5.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

220.	To which of the following factors is the rodent estrous cycle most sensitive?

a.	Light 
b.	Temperature
c.	Humidity 
d.	Dusty bedding material

Answer: a.  Light 
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA. Chapter 29 – Factors That May Influence Animal Research, pp.   1151-1152.
Task 6, K4; General Species - Rodents 

221.	Which of the following forms is a log of work related illness and injury?

a.	OSHA Form 101
b.	OSHA Form 200
c.	OPPR Form 207
d.	NIOSH Form 101

Answer: b.  OSHA Form 200
References: 
1)	Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1997.  Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.  National Academy Press, DC.  Chapter 2 – Program Design and Management, pp. 28-29.
2)`	29 CFR Part 1904 and 29 CFR Section 1952.4.
Task 4, K9

222.	Based on investigations of laboratory-acquired infections, which of the following routes of laboratory transmission of infectious agents accounts for approximately 80% of all exposures?

a.	Parenteral inoculations with syringe needles or other contaminated sharps
b.	Spills and splashes onto skin and mucous membranes
c.	Ingestion through mouth pipetting
d.	Animal bites and scratches
e.	Inhalation exposures to infectious aerosols

Answer: e.  Inhalation exposures to infectious aerosols
Reference: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Section II - Biological Risk Assessment, p. 12 (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm)
Task 4, K9

223.	High efficiency particulate air filters have an efficiency of up to ____________ for particles of atmospheric air with a predominating size of __________ microns?

a.	99.95%; 0.5 microns
b.	99.97%; 0.3 microns
c.	99.90%; 0.05 microns
d.	99.97%; 0.03 microns

Answer: b.  99.97%; 0.3 microns
Reference: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health.  2007.  Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.  5th ed.  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.  Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets: p. 293 (http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm).
Task 6, K3

224.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, a study area is defined as any building room, area, enclosure, or other containment outside of a core facility or centrally designated or managed area in which animals are housed for more than how many hours?

a.	6
b.	8
c.	10
d.	12
e.	24

Answer: d.  12
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 1 – Definition of Terms, §1.1 Definitions.  (1-1-00 Edition, p. 12).
Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standards, Subpart B 
Task 7, K1

225.	In standard nomenclature for transgenic animals, the laboratory-assigned number is represented by which part of the TgX(YYY)###Zzz formula?

a.	Tg
a.	X
b.	(YYY)
c.	###
d.	Zzz

Answer: e.  Zzz
References: 
1)	Jax Mice Literature. Nomenclature Tutorial http://jaxmice.jax.org/nomenclature.html?WT.mn_n=general_nomen
2)	http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/cnt_rules-for-nomen.shtml
Task 3, K3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

226.	According to the Animal Welfare Act and its regulations, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee can have no more than how many members from the same administrative unit (departmental level) of the facility?

a.	1
b.	2
c.	3
d.	4
e.	There is no limit

Answer: c.  3
Reference: Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart C – Research Facilities, §2.31(b)(4) Institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC).  (1-1-01 Edition, p. ).
Task 7, K2

227.	All of the following species have a postpartum estrus EXCEPT? 

a.	Mice
b.	Guinea pigs  
c.	Marmosets 
d.	Tamarins

Answer: d.  Tamarins
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 50; Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 210; and Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 683.
Task 3, K2; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates

228.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what is considered to be the acceptable range of relative humidity in an animal facility? 

a.	40-60%
b.	30-70%
c.	20-80%
d.	50-70%
e.	30-60%

Answer: b.  30-70%
Reference: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council.  1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.  National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.  Chapter 2 – Animal Environment, Housing, and Management, p. 30.
Task 4, K1

229.	In terms of radiation absorbed dose, what is one Gray equivalent to?

a.	10 Rads
b.	100 Rads
c.	1,000 Rads
d.	10,000 Rads

Answer: b.  100 Rads
Reference: OSHA: Introduction to Ionizing Radiation. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/radiationionizing/introtoionizing/ionizinghandout.html .
Task 3, K1

230.	The murine local lymph node assay has been validated as an alternative for assessing a chemical’s/compound’s potential for which of the following effects?

a.	Allergic contact dermatitis
b.	Oncogenicity
c.	Immunosuppression
d.	Pyrogenicity
e.	Mutagenicity

Answer: a.  Allergic contact dermatitis
Reference: http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/llna/llnnrep.pdf
Task 5, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

231.	What is the mode of inheritance of Waardenburg's Syndrome in cats?

a.	Autosomal recessive
b.	Autosomal dominant
c.	Sex-linked recessive
d.	Sex-linked dominant  

Answer: b.  Autosomal dominant
References: 
1)	Warfield and Gay.  1984.  The cat as a research subject.  Physiologist 27(4):177-89.
2)	AFIP Fascicle #34
Task 1, K12; Secondary Species – Cat (Felis domestica)

232.	What is the term used to describe the induction of anestrus in group-housed female mice?

a.	Whitten effect
b.	Lee-Boot effect
c.	Lee effect
d.	Bruce effect
e.	Preyer effect

Answer: b.  Lee-Boot effect
Reference: Singletary et al.  2005.  Lack of correlation of vaginal impedance measurements with hormone levels in the rat.  Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 44(3):37-42.
Task 1, K2; Primary Species - Mouse

233.	What is the term used to describe a strain of mice in which a whole chromosome from one strain is backcrossed onto a recipient background?

a.	Consomic
b.	Conplastic
c.	Congenic
d.	Coisogenic
e.	Recombinant Congenic

Answer: a.  Consomic
References: 
1)	http://jaxmice.jax.org/info/consomic.html
2)	http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/cnt_rules-for-nomen.shtml
Task 7, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

234.	What is the statistical term for concluding that two populations are the same when they actually differ?

a.	Type I error (alpha)
b.	Type II error (beta)
c.	Variance
d.	Confounding

Answer: b.  Type II error (beta) 
Reference: AcaStat Research Methods Handbook- Hypothesis Testing Basics [http://www.acastat.com/Handbook/9.html ] and Glossary
[http://www.acastat.com/Handbook/45.html#Type2]
Task 10, K3

235.	Which of the following is a quotidian malarial parasite?

a.	P. knowlesi
b.	P. cynomolgi
c.	P. gonderi
d.	P. fieldi
e.	P. semiovale

Answer: a.  P. knowlesi
Reference: Bennett BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds.  1998.  Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Diseases.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Parasitic Diseases, p. 125.
Task 1, K3  

236.	Which of the following anesthetics is associated with adynamic ileus, peritonitis, morbidity, and death after intraperitoneal administration in the rat?

a.	Urethane
b.	Tribromoethanol
c.	Ketamine
d.	Chloral hydrate
e.	Pentobarbital

Answer: d.  Chloral hydrate
References: 
1)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 22 – Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia, p. 959.
2)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 2 - Rat, p. 156.
Task 1, K6; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

237.	Which of the following etiological agents naturally causes syphilis in rabbits? 

a.	Treponema paraluis cuniculi
b.	Treponema pallidum
c.	Treponema paraluis oryctalagus
d.	Spirillus cuniculi

Answer: a.  Treponema paraluis cuniculi
References: 
1)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 6 – Rabbit, p. 279
2)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 343.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

238.	Which of the following etiologic agents has been linked to an epizootic of high mortality with malformed and missing incisor in neonatal Syrian hamsters?

a.	Papovavirus
b.	Parvovirus
c.	CAR bacillus
d.	Sendai virus
e.	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Answer: b.  Hamster parvovirus
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 3 – Hamster, p. 170.
Task 1, K4; Secondary Species – Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

239.	Which of the following etiologic agents is a common cause of pneumonia in guinea pigs resulting in high mortality, inappetence, dyspnea, and oculonasal discharge?  

a.	Streptococcus zooepidemicus
b.	Bordetella bronchiseptica
c.	Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) psittaci
d.	Clostridium piliforme

Answer: b.  Bordetella bronchiseptica
References: 
1)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, pp. 212-213.
2)	Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 5 – Guinea Pig, pp. 219-220.
Task 1, K4, K8; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

240.	Which of the following types of placentation is seen in ferrets?

a.	Hemochorial 
b.	Endotheliochorial 
c.	Syndesmochorial 
d.	Epitheliochorial 

Answer: b.  Endotheliochorial 
Reference: Fox JG, ed.  1998.   Biology and Diseases of the Ferret, 2nd ed.  Wiley-Blackwell.  Chapter 8 - Growth, Reproduction and Breeding, p. 220.
Task 3, K2; Secondary Species – Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

241.	In mice, which of the following organisms occurs in blood, is either attached to erythrocytes or free in plasma and can be transmitted by Polyplax serrata?

a.	Eperythrozoon coccoides
b.	Rickettsia rickettsii
c.	Rickettsia tustsugamushi
d.	Hemobartonella muris
e.	Coxiella burnetii

Answer: a.  Eperythrozoon coccoides
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 96.
Task 1, K3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

242.	Which of the following is the most consistent and striking clinical chemistry change noted in rats with chronic progressive nephropathy?

a.	Azotemia
b.	Hypocholesterolemia
c.	Hypoalbuminemia
d.	Hypocalcemia

Answer: c.  Hypoalbuminemia
Reference: Hard and Khan.  2004.  A contemporary overview of chronic progressive nephropathy in the laboratory rat, and its significance for human risk assessment.  Toxicologic Pathology 32:171-180.
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

243. 	What is the gestation length for guinea pigs?
 
a.   24-26 days
a.	29-35 days
b.	40-42 days
c.	59-72 days

Answer: d.  59-72 days
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 6 – Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs, p. 210 (Table III).
Task 3, K2; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

244.	Pott's disease refers to an infection of the spinal or vertebral column with which of the following organisms?  

a.	Streptococcus alphahemolytica
b.	Mycobacterium leprae
c.	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 
d.	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
e.	Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Answer: d.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
References: 
1)	Ducati et al.  2006.  The resumption of consumption: a review on tuberculosis. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz [online] 101(7):697-714
  http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762006000700001&lng=en&nrm=iso . ISSN 0074-0276. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762006000700001 
2)	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pott's_disease
Task 1, K4, K5

245.	According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following organisms would be considered a Category C bioterrorism agent?

a.	Burkholderia mallei
b.	Burkholderia pseudomallei
c.	Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) psittaci
d.	Coxiella burnetii
e.	Hantavirus

Answer: e.  Hantavirus
References: 
1)	CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response: Bioterrorism Agents by Category: http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp 
2)	Davis.  2004.  The ABCs of bioterrorism for veterinarians, focusing on Category B and C agents.  JAVMA 224(7):1096-1104. 
Task 4, K9

246.	Suspicion of which of the following diseases in nonhuman primates DOES NOT require importers to notify the Director of the CDC by telephone within 24 hours? 

a.	Mycobacterium tuberculosis  
b.	Yellow fever
c.	Monkeypox
d.	Marburg disease
e.	Ebola

Answer: a.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
Reference: 42 CFR, Part 71 – Foreign Quarantine, Subpart F – Importations, §71.53 Nonhuman Primates).  (10-1-03 Edition, p. 433). 
	(http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dq/pdf/42cfr71.pdf)
Task 7, K1; General Species – Nonhuman Primates

247.	How many pairs of accessory sex glands in the male mouse?

a.	3
b.	4
c.	5
d.	6
e.	7

Answer: d.  6
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 - Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 49 (Figure 9).
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

248.	Which of the following amphibians is lacking a tongue?

a.	Ambystoma mexicanum
a.	Xenopus laevis
b.	Rana pipiens
c.	Necturus maculosus
d.	Bombina orientalis

Answer: b.  Xenopus laevis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 17 – Biology and Diseases of Amphibians, p. 809.
Task 3, K2; Secondary Species – African Clawed Frog (Xenopus spp.)

249.	According to the National Select Agent Registry, which of the following IS NOT an overlapping select agent or toxin that is of concern to both the United States Department of Health and Human Services and the USDA?

a.	Bacillus anthracis 
b.	Coxiella burnetii 
c.	Francisella tularensis 
d.	Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus 
e.	Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic) 

Answer: e.  Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic) 
Reference: http://www.selectagents.gov/agentToxinList.htm 
Task 4, K9

250.	What is the genus and species of the nonhuman primate in which both sexes have a prominent white moustache and the male has a blue scrotum?

a.	Erythrocebus patas
b.	Callithrix jacchus jacchus
c.	Saguinus mystax
d.	Cercopithecus diana
e.	Chlorocebus sp.

Answer: a.  Erythrocebus patas
Reference: Bennett BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds.  1995.  Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 3 – Taxonomy, p. 40.
Task 3, K2, K3; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates

END OF EXAM