2008 International Mock Board Exam Coalition

International	University of Guelph, Guelph, 
Ontario, Canada	03/07/2008	
Pacific Northwest Region	Oregon Health & Science University
and Portland VA Medical Center	03/29/2008	
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA	04/26/2008	
Central Region	University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center	05/04/2008	
Southeastern Region	North Carolina State University
	05/17/2008	
Northeastern Region	Yale University
	06/07/2008	
International
	Europe – Spain
(mock ECLAM exam)	06/07/2008	
Practical Section – 125 Questions
Referenced Answers
38 Pages

2008 Practical Exam Contributors
Cheryl Haughton, DVM, DACLAM - Central Region Coordinator
David Kurtz, DVM, PhD, DACLAM – Southeastern Region Coordinator
Stephanie Murphy, VMD, PhD, DACLAM - Pacific Northwest Region Coordinator
Yolanda Saavedra-Torres, DVM, PhD, DipECLAM – European Coordinator
Peter Smith, DVM, DACLAM - Northeastern Region Coordinator
J. P. Spurlock, DVM - CDCP Coordinator
Patricia V. Turner, DVM, DVSc, DACLAM – Canadian Coordinator
Ronald E. Banks, DVM, DACLAM
Rudy Beiler, DVM
Terry Blankenship-Paris, DVM, MS, DACLAM
Jodi Carlson, DVM
Diane B. Forsythe, DVM, DACLAM
Mary F. Grant, DVM, DACLAM
Angela King-Herbert, DVM, DACLAM
Robert Rose, DVM, DACLAM
Jem Scott-Emuakpor, DVM
Paul Sikoski, DVM, DACLAM
Melanie Sorrell, DVM, MS
Mary Ann Vasbinder, DVM, DACLAM
Julia Whitaker, MS, DVM, DACLAM
Jody Willis, DVM
Steve Wilson, VMD

This examination is not intended to be representative of the ACLAM, ECLAM or any other certifying examination.  It is presented for informational purposes only.

1.	Assuming a normal distribution, what percentage of a population falls within the orange arrows on this graph?

a.  50%
b.  77%
c.  68%
d.  90%
e.  60%

Answer: c.  68%
Reference: 1)  Olsen, 2005, Statistics primer for laboratory animal veterinarians, Current laboratory animal science seminar notebook.
2)  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
Task 10, K3 

2.	Give the genus and species.

a.  Poecilia reticulata
b.  Amphiprion percula
c.  Danio rerio
d.  Oryzias latipes
e.  Pimephales promelas

Answer: c. Danio rerio
Poecilia reticulata = Guppy
Amphiprion percula = Clownfish
Oryzia latipes = Japanese Medaka
Pimephales promelas = Fathead minnow
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp.  862.
Task 3, K3; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

3.	Which of the following best describes this symbol?

a.  radura
b.  chemical hazard
c.  radiation hazard
d.  flammable hazard
e.  biohazard

Answer: e.  biohazard
Reference:  http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Biohazard_symbol_(red).svg 
Task 4, K9

4.	Which type of learning is demonstrated by this simulated rodent surgical training?

a.  auditory learning
b.  visual learning
c.  animal learning
d.  tactile / kinesthetic learning
e.  all of the above

  Answer:  d.  tactile / kinesthetic learning
  Reference:  Stevens, CA, and Dey, ND.  2007.  A Program for Simulated Rodent 
  Surgical Training.  Lab Animal 36 (9):  25-31.
Task 8, K4

5.	What is the approximate gestation length in this species?

a.  19-21 days
b.  56-65 days
c.  100-124 days
d.  155-165 days
e.  185-200 days

Answer: d.  155-165 days
Reference: Hendrix AG, Dukelow WR.  Reproductive Biology (1995). In Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management (Bennett BT, Abee CR, Henrickson eds.), pp. 163.  Academic Press, San Diego.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

6.	Which of the following has the same DEA schedule as the drug depicted in this slide? 

a.  Ketamine
b.  Buprenorphine
c.  Testosterone
d.  Hydromorphone
e.  Thiopental

Answer: d.  Hydromorphone
Reference: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/schedules.htm
Task 7, K1

7.	What is the specific name for this apparatus?

a.  exercise wheel
b.  radial maze
c.  grip strength meter
d.  rotarod
e.  sensorimeter

Answer: d rotarod
Reference:  http://www.singa.com.tw/new_page_1_3.htm 
Task 5, K2c

8.	Images A-D, taken from a recent article, were produced via M-mode ultrasonography in rats that received increasing doses of what pharmaceutical agent?  
	
a.  cisplatin
b.  monensin
c.  doxycycline
d.  vincristine
e.  doxorubicin

Answer: e.  doxorubicin
Reference: Hayward R, Hydock DS. 2007.  Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in the Rat: An In Vivo Characterization. JAALAS .  46: 20-32.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

9.	This ova was isolated from a fecal sample collected from an old-world NHP.  It is most likely:

a.  Trichuris trichura
b.  Anatrichosoma cynomolgi
c.  Ascaris lumbricoides
d.  Strongyloides cebus
e.  Prosthenorchis elegans

Answer: c.  Ascaris lumbricoides
Reference: Bernacky BJ, Gibson SV, Keeling ME, and Abee CR. Nonhuman Primates (2002).  In  Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 764.  Academic Press, San Diego.
Task 1, K3; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca sp.)
Image Reference:  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/2636.htm 

10.	The lesions depicted in this image are most consistent with

a.  EBV
b.  CHV-1
c.  RPV-2
d.  MMTV
e.  STLV-1

Answer: b. CHV-1
Reference: BT, Abee CR, Henrickson R, eds.  1998.  Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Diseases.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1, Viral Diseases.  Pages 5-8.
Task 1, K5; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca sp.)

11.	The symbol depicted in this slide indicates what?

a.  Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
b.  Radiation source hazard
c.  Explosion hazard
d.  Light Emitting Diode
e.  Solar absorption material

Answer: a. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER)
Reference: http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/laserguide/sec4.htm#warning
Task 4, K9

12.	A sheep presents with weight loss and diarrhea, and physical exam reveals intermandibular and cervical edema with pale mucous membranes.  On necropsy, this organism was seen in the abomasum; fecal exam also demonstrated these ova.  What is the most likely etiologic agent?

a.  Cooperia 
b.  Oesophagostomum
c.  Haemonchus 
d.  Dictyocaulus
e.  Ostertagia

Answer: c.  Haemonchus
Reference:. Mischler SA, WJ Underwood, ML Delano. Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats and Cattle (2002).  In  Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 592-594.   Academic Press, San Diego
Task 1, K3; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries)

13.	An investigator presents you with a zebrafish that is rubbing up against the sides of its tank and has a shiny, “dust-like” red-brown colored appearance along its flanks.  Which of the following etiologic agents is likely responsible for the clinical presentation of this zebrafish?

a.  Saprolegnia spp
b.  Edwardsiella spp
c.  Piscinoodinium spp
d.  Pseudocapillaria spp
e.  Trichodina spp

Answer: c.  Piscinoodinium spp
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp. 878-879.  
Task 1, K4, K8; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

14.	In the species depicted in this slide, which of the following etiological agents would most likely cause depression, sudden death, and gross necropsy findings of necrosis of gastrointestinal mucosa and multifocal hepatic necrosis?

a.  Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1
b.  Simian hemorrhagic fever
c.  Simian retrovirus 
d.  Ateline herpesvirus 2
e.  Saimirine herpesvirus 1

Answer: e.  Saimirine herpesvirus 1
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 - Nonhuman Primates, p. 748 (Table XLVIII).
Task 1, K4, K8; Tertiary Species – Other Nonhuman Primates (owl monkey)

15.	Systemic amyloidosis in the species depicted in this slide is reported to be consistently characterized by:

a.  increased SAA, increased GGT, increased total protein
b.  increased AST, decreased SAA, decreased total protein
c.  increased SAA, increased total protein, decreased albumin
d.  decreased SAA, decreased albumin, increased liver size
e.  increased AST, decreased albumin, decreased total protein

Answer: e increased AST, decreased albumin, decreased total protein
Reference: Comp Med 2006, 56:119-127
Task 1 ,K3; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca sp)

16.	(2 slides)  This rabbit arrived recently from a vendor and developed the clinical signs shown in this picture.  It was found dead 6 days later.  A necropsy was performed and lung tissue appeared as shown in the picture.  Tissue histopathology of lung is shown, as well as culture results.  What is the morphologic diagnosis and etiologic agent?

a.  acute serosanguinous pleuropneumonia; Pasterella pneumotropica
b.  chronic mucopurulent bronchopneumonia; Pasterella multocida
c.  acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia; Pasterella multocida
d.  acute purulent bronchopneumonia; Bordetella bronchiseptica
e.  acute interstitial pneumonia; Pneumocystis carinii

 Answer:  c.  acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia; Pasterella multocida
 Reference:  Geertsema, RS, LaFranco-Scheuch, L, Jenne, KJ, and Richter, PJ.  2007.
 Sneezing, Nasal Discharge, Dyspnea and Sudden Death in Rabbits.  Lab Animal 37 (1):
 17-19.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

17.	What is the type of culture being used to diagnose the condition in the previous question (shown again)?

a.  DTM agar
b.  sheep blood agar
c.  rodac plate
d.  trypsin media
e.  brain heart broth

Answer:  b.  sheep blood agar
Reference:  Geertsema, RS, LaFranco-Scheuch, L, Jenne, KJ, and Richter, PJ.  2007.  Sneezing, Nasal Discharge, Dyspnea and Sudden Death in Rabbits.  Lab Animal 37 (1):  17-19.
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

18.	The device depicted in this slide can be used to train research personnel in appropriate:

	a.  compliance with federal regulations.
	b.  aseptic technique.
	c.  tissue apposition.
	d.  surgical instrument handling.

Answer:  b.  aseptic technique
Reference:  http://www.germwise.com/products.asp
Task 8, K4

19.	(2 slides)  These lactating Swiss-derived ICR mice presented with bloating and unexpected death.  The photographed lesions were seen, and the disease was ameliorated by increasing the fat and calorie content of the diet.  What etiologic agent has been associated with these pathologic findings?

	a.   Helicobacter hepaticus
	b.   Clostridium perfringens
	c.   Salmonella enteritidis
	d.   Clostridium piliforme
	e.   Escherichia coli

Answer:  b.  Clostridium perfringens
Reference:  Krugner-Higby L., Girard I, Welter J, Gendron A, Rhodes JS, Garland T Jr. 2006. Clostridial Enteropathy in Lactating Outbred Swiss-derived (ICR) Mice. JAALAS 45:80-87  
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

20.	(2 slides)  The most consistent and striking clinical chemistry change noted in rats with the depicted condition is:

a.  increased plasma creatinine levels.
b.  increased plasma blood urea nitrogen levels.
c.  increased plasma glucose levels.
d.  decreased plasma albumin levels.
e.  decreased plasma calcium levels.

Answer: d.  decreased plasma albumin levels
Reference: Toxicol Pathol, 2004, 32:171-180. A contemporary overview of chronic progressive nephropathy in the laboratory rat, and its significance for human risk assessment.
Task 9, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

21.	What is the genus and species of the animal depicted in this slide?

a.  Pan paniscus
b.  Pan troglodytes
c.  Papio hamadryas
d.  Papio anubis
e.  Pongo abelii

Answer: a.  Pan paniscus
Reference:  ILAR J. 2006;47(4):316-25
Image source: http://www.easilyamazed.com/blog/2005_10_01_easilyamazed_archive.html 
Task 3, K3; Tertiary Species – other NHP

22.	What cellular or molecular analytical process is depicted in this picture?

a.  Western blotting
b.  Fluorescent activated cell sorting
c.  Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
d.  Real-time polymerase chain reaction
e.  Luciferase bioluminescence

Answer: d. Real-time polymerase chain reaction
Reference: The Applied Biosystems 7300 Real-Time PCR System - https://products.appliedbiosystems.com/ab/en/US/adirect/ab?cmd=catNavigate2&catID=601250
Task 1, K10c

23.	According to a recent article which statement is most correct concerning the use of these analgesics in Papio anubis? 

a.  The use of carprofen or a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine provided better post-operative analgesia than buprenorphine alone.
b.  The use of buprenorphine or a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine provided better post-operative analgesia than carprofen alone.
c.  The use of carprofen alone provided better post-operative analgesia than a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine.
d.  The use of buprenorphine alone provided better post-operative analgesia than a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine. 
e.  The use of carprofen with buprenorphine may diminish the mu effects exhibited by opioid analgesics.

Answer: a. The use of carprofen or a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine provided better post-operative analgesia than buprenorphine alone.
Reference:  Allison SO, Halliday LC, French JA, Novikov DD, Fortman JD. 2007. Assessment of Buprenorphine, Carprofen, and Their Combination for Postoperative Analgesia in Olive Baboons (Papio anubis). JAALAS 46(3): 24-31. 
Task 2, K7; Secondary Species – Baboon (Papio anubis)

24.	Which of the following is TRUE regarding the animal depicted in this slide?

a.  The affected animal will have increased prothrombin time.
b.  Affected animals frequently have diarrhea and gaseous distension of the GI tract.
c.  The adrenal glands are commonly increased in size and hemorrhagic on cut section.
d.  Affected animals are more susceptible to opportunistic bacterial infections because of increased numbers of macrophages in sections.

Answer: d.  Affected animals are more susceptible to opportunistic bacterial infections because of increased numbers of macrophages in sections.
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  
Task 1, K2; Secondary Species – Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

25.	What does the white square represent?

a.  Fire/flammability
b.  Health
c.  Chemical Abstracts Registry (CAS) number
d.  Reactivity

Answer: c. Chemical Abstracts Registry (CAS) number
White = Special notice
Reference: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) – Chemical Hazard Label. http://www.delta.edu/slime/nfpakey.html
Task 4, K9

26.	(2 slides)  The following 4 pictures illustrate clinical signs and necropsy findings of acute illness in a frog colony.  Which is the most likely diagnosis?

a.  Aeromonas
b.  Pasteurella
c.  Mycobacteria
d.  Flavobacteria
e.  E. coli

 Answer:  c.  Mycobacteria
Reference:  Godfrey, D., Williamson, H., Silverman, J., and Small, P. 2007.  Newly Identified Mycobacterium Species in a Xenopus laevis Colony.  Comparative Medicine 57 (1):  97-104.
Task 1, K4; Secondary Species – African Claw Toed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

27.	What is the name of the type of stain used in the 2nd slide?

a.  Congo red                              
b.  Brilliant red
c.  Passionate purple
d.  Acid fast
e.  Crystal violet

 Answer:  d.  Acid fast
Reference:  Godfrey, D., Williamson, H., Silverman, J., and Small, P. 2007.  Newly Identified Mycobacterium Species in a Xenopus laevis Colony.  Comparative Medicine 57 (1):  97-104.
Task 1, K10 – Secondary Species – African Claw Toed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

28.	What is the imaging modality depicted in this slide?

a.  Computerized tomography
b.  Magnetic resonance imaging
c.  Radiography
d.  Ultrasonography

Answer: a. Computerized tomography
Reference:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerized_tomography 
Task 3, K1f

29.	The device illustrated is helpful / useful for which of the following with frogs?

a.  increase cannibalism
b.  distribution of feed
c.  enrichment
d.  increase bite wounds

  Answer:  c.  enrichment
  Reference:  Torreilles, SL and Green, SL.  2007.  Refuge Cover Decreases the 
  Incidence of Bite Wounds in Laboratory South African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus leavis).
  JAALAS 46 (5):  33-36.
Task 4, K1; Secondary Species – African Claw Toed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

30.	The most likely etiology of the clinical disease depicted in this slide is:

a.  Helicobacter hepaticus
b.  Pasteurella pneumotropica
c.  Lawsonia intracellularis
d.  Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Answer: a.  Helicobacter hepaticus
Reference: Comp Med, 2004, 54(2):128-158. Natural and experimental Helicobacter infections.
Task 1, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

31.	Removal of the gland shown in this image allows visualization of the frontal brain that otherwise would be obscured by its aggressive incorporation of the 18F isotope of fluor-2-deoxy-D-glucose in which type of imaging?

a.  Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
b.  Wide integrated luciferase-linked isotope scan (WILLIS)
c.  Positron emission tomography (PET)
d.  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
e.  Nuclear medicine imaging (NMI)

Answer: c. Positron emission tomography (PET)
Reference:  Brammer DW, Riley JM, Kreuser SC, Zasadny KR, Callahan MJ, Davis MD. 2007. Harderian Gland Adenectomy: A Method to Eliminate Confounding Radio-opacity in the Assessment of Rat Brain Metabolism by 18F-fluor-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography. JAALAS 46(5): 42-45. 
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

32.	Recently, the lesion depicted in this rat has been reported to occur most commonly following anesthesia with which of the following agents?

a.  pentobarbital
b.  propofol/sufentanil
c.  ketamine/xylazine
d.  Hypnorm/midazolam
e.  Saffan

Answer: c.  ketamine/xylazine
Reference: 2005. Susceptibility of rats to corneal lesions following anesthesia. Comp Med, 55(2):182-189.
Task 2, K5; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

33.	What is the genus and species of this animal?

a.   Erythrocebus patas
b.  Cercocebus torquatus atys
c.  Chlorocebus aethiops
d.  Cebus apella
e.  Papio anubis

Answer: b.  Cercocebus torquatus atys
Reference:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_Mangabey 
Task 3, K3; Tertiary Species – Other Non-Human Primates

34.	This organism, found in the heart, liver (shown in the slide), and colon was identified in a natural infection of which captive-born nonhuman primate species?
	
a.  Macaca fascicularis
b.  Papio anubis
c.  Papio hamadryas
d.  Saguinus oedipus
e.  Macaca arctoides

Answer: d.  Saguinus oedipus
Reference: Sasseville VG, Simon MA, Chalifoux LV, Lin KC, Mansfield KG. 2007. Naturally Occurring Tyzzer’s Diseases in Cotton-top Tamarins (Saguinus oedius). Comp Med 57(1): 125-127.
Task 1, K4; Tertiary Species – Other Non-Human Primates

35.	What does this symbol indicate?

a.  Product has been irradiated
b.  Genetically modified crop
c.  World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Project
d.  Open formula diet
e.  Natural product diet

Answer: a. Product has been irradiated (Radura)
Reference: Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radura
Task 4, K4

36.	What is the main use of this device?

a.  surveillance
b.  identification
c.  blood collection
d.  CSF collection
e.  restraint

Answer:  b.  identification
References:  (1) Fox, J., Anderson, L., Lowe, F., and Quimby, F.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd ed.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA, p. 1007.
(2)  Granzow, E.  2008.  Microchip Placement for Identification of Birds.  Lab Animal 37 (1):  2122. 
Task 4, K7; Tertiary Species – Other birds

37.	Which of the following represents a reliable method for detecting this organism in infected mouse colonies?

a.  measurement of specific IgM antibody responses in serum using commercial ELISA kits.
b.  direct visualization of bacteria via Congo red stain on paraffin-embedded liver sections.
c.  direct visualization of bacteria via von Kossa stain on paraffin-embedded liver sections.
d.  aerobic culture of liver tissue for bacteria on blood agar.
e.  PCR assay of DNA from cecal scrapings.

Answer: e.  PCR assay of DNA from cecal scrapings.
Reference: Comp Med, 2004, 54(2):128-158. Natural and experimental Helicobacter infections.
Task 6, K2; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

38.	Which of the 3 R’s is represented by these pictures?

a.  refinement
b.  redundancy
c.  reduction
d.  responsibility
e.  replacement

 Answer:  e.  replacement
 Reference:  Stevens, CA, and Dey, ND.  2007.  A Program for Simulated Rodent 
 Surgical Training.  Lab Animal 36 (9):  25-31.
Task 8, K2

39.	What does the acronym illustrated in this slide stand for?

a.  Drug Enlistment Agency
b.  Drug Enforcement Agency
c.  Drug Enlightenment Agency
d.  Drug Endangerment of Animals
e.  Drug Endangered Animals

Answer:  b.  Drug Enforcement Agency
Reference:  http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/index.htm
Task 7, K1m

40.	What is the imaging modality depicted in this slide?

a.  Bioluminescence
b.  Micro-CT scan (Computed Tomography)
c.  PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
d.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer:  c. PET (positron Emission Tomography) 
Reference: Olsen, Keiding, and Munk. 2006. Effect of Hypercapnia on Cerebral Blood Flow (CBV) and Blood Volume (CBV) in Pigs Studied by Positron Emission Tomography. Comp Med 56(5): 416-420. 
Task 3, K1f

41.	In a recent article which of the following drugs was reported to affect this organ (white arrow) in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus? 

a.  Doxorubicin
b.  Indomethacin
c.  Fenbendazole
d.  Pilocarpine
e.  1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 

Answer:  b.  Indomethacin
Reference:  Mic AA, Mic FA, Tatu CA, Ionac M, Ordodi VL, Paunescu V. 2007.
Indomethacin Inhibits Thymic Involution in Mice with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes. Comp Med 57(5):476-481.
Task 9, K5; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

42.	The equipment depicted in this slide is used for what rodent testing purpose?

a.  Fear conditioning 
b.  Operant conditioned response
c.  Acoustic startle
d.  Tail-flick analysis

Answer: c. Acoustic startle
Reference: Cont. Topics  43(1), January 2004.  Acoustic startle is a pattern of facial and skeletal muscle contractions, accompanied by an elevation in the heart rate, which is mediated by the brainstem. Coulbourn Instruments
Task 5, K2c

43.	According to a recent article, the parasite shown in this picture above has been known to have a relatively high prevalence of natural infection in Owl Monkeys (Aotus nancymae) in their natural habitat and while in captivity.  The parasite shown is:

a.  Oxyuris aotus
b.  Trypanoxyuris spp.
c.  Enterobius vermicularis
d.  Syphacia obvelata

Answer: b. Trypanoxyuris spp.
Reference: Evaluation of Two Fecal Examination Techniques for Detection of Trypanoxyuris spp. Infection in Owl Monkeys (Aotus nancymae).   JAALAS Vol 46, No 5, September 2007.
Task 1, K3; Tertiary Species – Other Non-Human Primates

44.	The lesions in this rat lung are most consistent with infection by:

a.  Sendai virus
b.  Pneumonia Virus of Mice
c.  Bordetella bronchiseptica
d.  CAR Bacillus

Answer: d. CAR Bacillus
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2007.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbit, 3rd edition.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Pages 142-143.
Task 1, K4; Primary Species – Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

45.	What specific technique is illustrated in the slide?

a.  Salivary gland secretion collection
b.  Retro-orbital blood collection
c.  Lateral saphenous blood collection
d.  Facial vein blood collection

Answer:  d.  Facial vein blood collection
Reference:  http://www.medipoint.com/html/animal_lancets.html
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

46.	Excessive ingestion of ____________ by the species depicted in this slide resulted in amplified retinyl ester storage in fetal livers.

a.  Vitamin A
b.  Vitamin B
c.  Vitamin C
d.  Vitamin D
e.  Vitamin E

Answer:  a.  Vitamin A
Reference: Mills JP, Terasawa E, and Tanumihardjo SA. 2007. Ingestion of Excessive Preformed Vitamin A by Mothers Amplifies Storage of Retinyl Esters in Early Fetal Liver of Captive Old World Monkeys. Comparative Medicine 57:  505-511.
Task 1, K16; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca sp.)

47.	This kidney is taken from a 

a.  Male mouse
b.  Female mouse
c.  Male rabbit
d.  Female rabbit

Answer: a.  Male mouse
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  Chapter 1 – Mouse, p. 7.
Task 1, K1; Primary Species - Mouse (Mus musculus)

48.	Although the drug depicted in this slide is not labeled for use in mice, it has been proven to be effective against all of the following parasites, EXCEPT:

a.  Aspicularis tetraptera
b.  Dentostomella translucida
c.  Syphacia obvelata
d.  Syphacia mesocricetus
e.  Trichuris muris

Answer: e.  Trichuris muris
Reference: Johnston et al.  2006.  Fenbendazole treatment and litter size in rats.  JAALAS 45(6):35-39.
Task 1, K3, K6; Primary – Mouse (Mus musculus)

49.	What does this instrument measure?

a.  relative humidity
b.  absolute temperature
c.  chilling capacity
d.  gas emissions
e.  air velocity

Answer: e air velocity 
Reference:  http://www.eeprocess.com/Alnor/balometer_capture_hoods.html 
Task 6, K8

50.	Sexual maturity is reached at what age in this species?

a.  0-2 months
b.  2-4 months
c.  4-6 months
d.  6-8 months
e.  8-10 months

Answer: b.  2-4 months
Reference:  Astrofsky KM, Bullis RA, and Sagerstrom CG. Biology and Management of the Zebrafish (2002). In  Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 863.  Academic Press, San Diego.
Task 3, K2; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

51.	(2 slides)  The lesions displayed in these histology and immunohistochemistry pictures were taken from a pig.  What tissue is shown and what is the pathology?

a.  Lung with interstitial thickening and infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes.
b.  Kidney with marked non-suppurative interstitial nephritis.
c.  Pancreas with inflammatory infiltrates.
d.  Salivary gland with lymphocytic, plasmacytic infiltration.

Answer: b. Kidney with marked non-suppurative interstitial nephritis
Reference: “Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome Associated with Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection in a Yorkshire Pig”, JAALAS Vol 46, No 3, May 2007, pps 68-72.
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Swine (Sus scrofa)

52.	What is the ECG abnormality demonstrated in this slide?

a.  A-V block
b.  Ventricular arrhythmia
c.  Atrial fibrillation
d.  Premature ventricular contraction

Answer:  c. Atrial fibrillation (irregular R-R intervals) 
Reference: Cynthia J Doane, Lee, DR and Sleeper, MM. 2006. Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med 56(6): 512-518
Figure 7
Task 1, K2

53.	The female of this species has ____ pair(s) of mammary glands.

a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5

Answer: d.  4
Reference: Donnelly TM and Quimby FW. Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents (2002). In  Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd edition (Fox, Anderson, Loew, and Quimby eds.), pp. 284.  Academic Press, San Diego.
Task 1, K1; Tertiary – Other Rodents (Octodon degus)

54.	What classification of Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) is depicted in this slide?

a.  Class I
b.  Class IIa
c.  Class IIb
d.  Class III
e.  The slide does not depict a BSC but instead a 100 cfm, clean bench similar to an animal changing station

Answer: c.  Class IIb (100% exhaust)
Reference: Personnel & Product Protection: A Guide to Biosafety Enclosures. An Industry service Publication. LABCONCO Corporation, 2006.
Task 6, K3

55.	(2 slides)  Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this condition?

a.  renal failure
b.  Aeromonas hydrophilia sepsis
c.  Mycobacterium sepsis
d.  Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHS)

Answer:  d.  Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHS)
Reference:  Green, SL, Parker, J, Davis, C, and Bouley, DM.  2007.  Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Gonadotropin-Treated Laboratory South African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis).  JAALAS 46 (3):  64-67.
Task 1, K2, K8; Secondary Species – African Claw Toed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

56.	(2 slides)  Which of the following is the most likely cause of the condition depicted?

a.  increased ammonia content in water
b.  decreased ammonia content in water
c.  elevated chlorine in water
d.  bacterial contamination in water
e.  treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 

Answer:  e.  frog treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to stimulate ovulation
Reference:  Green, SL, Parker, J, Davis, C, and Bouley, DM.  2007.  Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Gonadotropin-Treated Laboratory South African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis).  JAALAS 46 (3):  64-67.
Task 1, K2; Secondary Species – African Claw Toed Frog (Xenopus laevis)

57.	This radiograph demonstrates an anatomic feature of which of the following nonhuman primate genera?

a.  Ateles and Brachyteles
b.  Ateles and Alouatta	
c.  Callathrix and Saguinus	
d.  Lagothrix and Alouatta
e.  Cebus and Saimiri

Answer:  a.  Ateles and Brachyteles (also Colobus)
Reference:  Turnquist JE and Hong N.  Functional Morphology.  In  Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research; Biology and Management (Bennett, Abee, and Henrickson eds.), p.63.  Academic Press,  San Diego.
Task 1, K1; Tertiary Species – Other Non-Human Primates

58.	What is the correct family name of the animal depicted in this image?

a.  Muridae
b.  Cricetidae
c.  Pongidae
d.  Octogonidae
e.  Auratidae

Answer: b. Cricetidae
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA
Task 3, K3 - Secondary Species – Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

59.	The pig demonstrated in this image had multifocal to coalescing, raised, red non-pruritic, papular to crusted skin lesions as large as 5cm in diameter on the rump, vulva, perineum, thighs and lower legs.  What is the most likely etiology?

a.  Erysipelas
b.  Porcine circovirus type 2
c.  Staphylococcus hyicus
d.  Swinepox
e.  Sarcoptes scabei

Answer: b. Porcine circovirus type 2
Reference:  Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome Associated with Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection in a Yorkshire Pig.   JAALAS Vol 46, No 3, May 2007, pps 68-72
Task 1, K8; Primary Species – Swine (Sus scrofa)

60.	What is the purpose of the yellow apparatus shown in this slide?

a.  Rodent surgical retractor
b.  Catheter introducer
c.  Micro-cannula (900)
d.  Voltage clamp
e.  Electrode holder

Answer: b. Catheter introducer
Reference: Harvard apparatus catalog - http://www.harvardapparatus.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/product_11051_10001_34744_-1_HAI_ProductDetail___
Task 3, K1c

61.	This slide represents which of the following technologies?

a.  Creation of a transgenic mouse using pronuclear injection
b.  Creation of a transgenic mouse using transposon technology
c.  Creation of  a targeted mutation (“knock-out”) mouse using pronuclear injection
d.  Creation of a targeted mutation (“knock-out”) mouse using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells
e.  Creation of a transgenic mouse using nuclear transfer

Answer:  d.  Creation of a targeted mutation (“knock-out”) using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells.
Reference:  Animal Genomics Service, Yale University, School of Medicine.  http://info.med.yale.edu/compmed/ags/genetargeting.html  
Task 3, K1; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

62.	What behavior does this apparatus test in rodents?

a.  Anxiety
b.  Despair
c.  Learning and memory
d.  Balance
e.  Conditioning

Answer: a. Anxiety
Reference: Elevated Plus Maze – Used in the study of fear and anxiety.
Cont Topics 43(2), March 2004.  Coulbourn Instruments
Task 5, K2c

63.	(2 slides)  A skin scraping from the hamster pictured in this slide revealed this organism.  What is the etiology of this condition?

a.  Demodex mesocritetus
b.  Trixacarus caviae
c.  Demodex aurati
d.  Demodex criceti
e.  Chirodiscoides caviae

Answer:  c.  Demodex aurati
Reference:  Percy DH and Barthold SW.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits 2nd ed.  p. 184.    Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Task 1, K3; Secondary Species – Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

64.	As compared to other individually ventilated caging systems, the cage depicted on this slide is useful for infectious disease research because it:

	a.  passes incoming air through a HEPA filter.
	b.  maintains negative pressure when removed from the rack.
	c.  has the ability to be positive pressure.
	d.  is autoclavable and disposable.

Answer:  b.  maintains negative pressure when removed from the rack.
Reference:  http://www.tecniplastusa.com/italframeCP2.html 
Task 7, K1e; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

65.	An investigator is utilizing what technique with this equipment?

a.  immunoflourescence
b.  bioluminescence
c.  microCT imaging
d.  ethanol inhalation
e.  stereotaxic surgery

Answer:  c.  microCT imaging
Reference:  Bahadur, AN, Wu, IQ, Weinstein, DM, et. al.  2007.  Multimodality Chamber for Coregistered Anatomical and Molecular Imaging of Small Animals.  Lab Animal 36 (8):  29-35.
Task 3, K1f; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

66.	Which describes the minimum required housing space needed for the species in the slide?

a.  (length of dog in cm + 6) x (length of dog in cm + 6) divided by 144
b.  (length of dog in cm) x (length of dog in cm) divided by 144
c.  (length of dog in inches + 6) x (length of dog in inches + 6) divided by 144 times 2
d.  (length of dog in inches + 6) x (length of dog in inches + 6) divided by 144

Answer:  d.  (length of dog in inches + 6) x (length of dog in inches + 6) divided by 144
Reference:  Animal Welfare Act, 9 CFR Part 3 – Standards, Subpart A – Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Dogs and Cats, 3.6  Primary
 Enclosures, p. 61.
Task 6, K1; Primary Species – Dog (Canis familiaris)

67.	The most reliable method for storing cells similar to the cells depicted in this slide while preserving their future function is to store at:

a.  –70C with a nuclease
b.  24C with a protease inhibitor
c.  –20C in EDTA
d.  10C with a protease
e.  4C with a nuclease inhibitor

Answer: e. store at 4C with a nuclease inhibitor
Reference: Comp Med 55, 2005, 140.
Task 4, K6

68.	Name the device attached to the rodent’s tail.

a.  temperature probe
b.  capnograph
c.  pulse oximeter
d.  arterial line
e.  electrocardiogram

 Answer:  a.  temperature probe
 References:  1.  Flecknell, P.  1996.  Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Academic 
 	           	    Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 81-82.
2.  Taylor, D.  2007.  Study of Two Devices Used to Maintain Normotherm in Rats and Mice During General Anesthesia.  Comparative Medicine 46 (5):  37-41.
Task 2, K6; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

69.	What is the function of the device attached to rodent’s foot?

a.  monitor core body temperature
b.  measure oxygen saturation
c.  measure blood pressure measurement
d.  measure heart rate & rhythm
d.  measure blood gas levels

 Answer:  b.  measure oxygen saturation
 Reference:  Flecknell, P.  1996.  Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Academic 
 Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 81-82.
Task 2, K6; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

70.	What does the “Cg” designate in this mouse strain?

a.  A specific gene promoter controlling transgene expression
b.  Congenic line with inbred CGA as donor background
c.  Congenic line in which the recipient background is mixed or unclear
d.  Knockout mouse line of the “tetO-Arntl” gene
e.  Congenic mouse line in which the donor background is mixed or unclear

Answer: e. Congenic mouse line in which the donor background is mixed or unclear
Reference: 
1)	Jackson Laboratory  Mice Database – Strain 007618 (http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/007618.html)
2)	Mouse Genomics Information (MGI) – Rules and Guidelines for Nomenclature of Mouse and Rat Strains – Congenic strains (http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.shtml#congenic)
Task 3, K3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

71.	What is the purpose of the material indicated at the tip of the arrow pointers?

	a.  Decrease ammonia levels in cage.
	b.  Provide environmental enrichment.
	c.  Facilitate animal identification.
	d.  Absorb excess urine.
	e.  Provide supplemental nutrition.

Answer:  b.  Provide environmental enrichment.
Reference:  http://www.teklad.com/bedding/softcob.asp
The bedding mixture viewed in the cage bottom is Harlan Teklad’s 7087 Soft Cobs enrichment bedding, a “premixed” blend of corncob and cellulose bedding materials. The combination provides excellent absorbency, superior odor control and environmental enrichment, all in one. 
Task 2, K9; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

72.	Intramuscular injection of this species with which of the following pharmacologic agent(s) may result multifocal myocardial degeneration?

a. pentobarbital
b. ketamine/xylazine
c. propofol
d. fentanyl/fluanisone
e. acepromazine/midazolam

Answer: b ketamine/xylazine
Reference: Percy DH and Barthold SW.  2001.  Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits.  Iowa State University Press: Ames, Iowa.  
Task 2, K5

73.	Which most accurately describes the function of this device?

a.  surgical instrument tip sterilization
b.  surgical instrument sterilization
c.  surgical instrument debridement
d.  surgical instrument sharpening
e.  surgical instrument polisher

Answer:  a.  surgical instrument tip sterilization
Reference:  http://www.sterilizers.com/glass_bead/
Task 6, K10

74.	The apparatus shown on this slide tests what behavior in rodents?

a.  Anxiety
b.  Spatial orientation
c.  Fear
d.  Memory
e.  Despair

Answer: e. Despair
Reference: Cont. Topics 43(6), November 2004. Rodent models of depression.
Rodent is hung by tail until period of immobility (described as behavioral despair).  Immobility shown to sensitive to antidepressants.
Task 5, K2c

75.	A rapid, simple and humane method for bleeding of mice using a lancet has recently been described.  For what age mouse is the depicted lancet point size recommended?

a.  2 to 8 weeks old
	b.  3 to 5 months old 
	c.  > 6 months old
	d.  Not recommended for mice

Answer: c.  > 6 months old
Reference:  (1)  Lab Animal 34(9), 39-43, (2)Http://www.medipoint.com/html/animal_lancets.html 
Task 5, K2b, Primary species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

76.	What is the function/purpose of the piece of equipment pictured?

	a.  Establish electrical gradient for electrophoresis.
	b.  Strength of grip assessment.
	c.  Generation of auditory signals for hearing assessment.
	d.  Used to maintain mosquito colonies in captivity.
	e.  Provide hemostasis during abdominal surgery.

Answer:  d.  Used to maintain mosquito colonies in captivity.
Reference:  Arbovirus Diseases Branch, CDC Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins CO;  Hemotek Membrane Feeding System (Accrington, United Kingdom), an artificial membrane blood feeding system used to maintain mosquito colonies in captivity
Task 5, K2b

77.	What is the purpose of the equipment depicted in this slide?

a.  Restraint of mouse prior to decapitation
b.  Restraint of mouse to facilitate bleeding
c.  Restraint of mouse to facilitate nose-only inhalation exposure
d.  Restraint of mouse  to facilitate anesthesia

Answer: a. Restraint of mouse prior to decapitation
Reference:  http://boscoh.com/science/decapicones-the-economical-mouse-and-rodent-restrainer 
Task 3, K1c

78.	The macaque in the picture shows classic lesions of a zoonotic disease.  What is the biosafety level for the NHP model of this infectious agent?

	a.  ABSL 1
	b.  ABSL 2
	c.  ABSL 3
	d.  ABSL 4

Answer:  c.  ABSL 3
Reference:  http://www.mcg.edu/research/ibc/BSL3Pathogens.htm
Task 7, K1e; Primary Species - Macaque (Macaca sp.)

79.	Select the BEST answer for the primary use of this device.

a.  exercise provision
b.  dental health
c.  behavioral enrichment
d.  food containment

 Answer:  c.  behavioral enrichment
Reference:  Fox, J., Anderson, L., Lowe, F., and Quimby, F.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd ed.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp.  1242-1243.
Task 2, K9; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

80.	What does this equipment measure in the mouse?

a.  Grip strength
b.  Sensory threshold
c.  Foot swelling
d.  Muscle function
e.  Foot temperature

Answer: b. Sensory threshold
Reference: The IITC Model 1601 Electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer is used to measure the sensory threshold in laboratory animals. Schematic from JALAAS Vol 43(3) May 2004. Figure 3. The Von Frey hairs. The illustration shows the proper use of the Von Frey hairs on the plantar surface of a mouse’s foot.
Task 5, K2c; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

81.	(2 slides)  This animal has a history of intense scratching.  A skin scraping was performed and slide results are illustrated.  What best describes the condition and etiologic agent?

a.  pinworms; Syphacia sp.
b.  pinworms; Aspicularis sp.
c.  lice; Psoroptes sp.
d.  mange; Sarcoptes sp.
e.  mange; Trixacarus sp.

 Answer:  e.  mange; Trixacarus sp.
 Reference:  Donnelly, TM.  2007.  Scratching, Hyperkeratosis, and Ectoparasites in a 
 Guinea Pig.  Lab Animal 36 (10):  17-20.
Task 1, K3; Secondary Species –Guinea pig (Cavia procellus)

82.	What is the purpose of the device indicated by the arrow pointer?

	a.  Protect healing fight wounds.
	b.  Create feeding chamber for fleas.
	c.  Provide constant levels of analgesia.
	d.  Record physiologic parameters via telemetry.
	e.  Track activity during diurnal cycle.

Answer:  b.  Create feeding chamber for fleas.
Reference:  Arbovirus Diseases Branch, CDC Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins CO.  The device is a homemade feeding chamber for fleas, made from the proximal portion of  a small screw-top plastic tube affixed to the skin of the mouse by a wax mixture (the mouse’s hair was removed by depilatory agent to provide better adhesion).  The mouse is prepped under anesthesia, the chamber is affixed to glabrous skin and fleas are placed into the chamber, and the mouse allowed to recover.  Fleas are allowed to feed on the mouse for several days while it moves about the cage, after which time the mouse is anesthetized, the screw-top is removed and the fleas collected.  The chamber is allowed to remain on the mouse until it ‘naturally” falls off due to the re-growth of hair in the affected area (those who’ve experienced “waxing” can attest to the painful nature of forceful removal of waxing material).
Task 5, K2c, Primary species – mouse (Mus musculus)

83.	In which CITES Appendix is this nonhuman primate listed? 

a.  Appendix I
b.  Appendix II
c.  Appendix III
d.  Appendix IV

Answer: b.  Appendix II
References: 
1)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 – Nonhuman Primates, p. 682 (Table IV); 700 (Table XIX), 707 (Table XXV).  
2)	CITES appendices, http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml
Task 7, K1; Tertiary Species – Other Non-Human Primates

84.	Which of the following noninvasive measures has the highest predictive value for estimating carcass and visceral fat in adult males of the species shown?

a.  neck circumference
b.  serum leptin levels
c.  widest abdominal girth circumference
d.  mid-abdomen circumference
e.  neck and mid-abdomen ultrasound measurements

Answer: c.  widest abdominal girth circumference (Yucatan minipig)
Reference: Comp Med 55(5), 2005:445
Task 9, K5; Primary Species – Swine (Sus scrofa)

85.	What do the following acronyms and/or symbols have in common?

a.  Tg mouse models
b.  surgical techniques
c.  database search resources
d.  viral diseases
e.  none of the above

  Answer:  c.  database search resources
  References:  http://altweb.jhsph.edu/
                     :  http://agricola.nal.usda.gov/
                     :  http://oslovet.veths.no/fag.aspx?fag=57&mnu=databases_1
Task 7, K2

86.	What best describes the imaging modality depicted in this slide? 

a.  This imaging modality allows the visualization of bone structure, fat tissue and air spaces due to high intrinsic contrast between tissues.
b.  This imaging modality constructs an image based on radioisotope decay of a tracer agent given before the image is taken.
c.  This imaging modality uses sound waves and their echoes from tissue interfaces to produce 2-dimensional images in real time.
d.  This imaging modality is a 3-dimensional imaging modality that uses the nuclear property of spin in certain isotopes of elements to form anatomical images.

Answer:  d. This imaging modality is a 3-dimensional imaging modality that uses the nuclear property of spin in certain isotopes of elements to form anatomical images.
Reference: Klaunberg, BA, Davis, JA. Considerations for Laboratory Animal Imaging Center Design and Setup. 2008. ILAR, 49(1), 4-16.
Quote: “Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile, 3-dimensional imaging modality that uses the nuclear property of spin in certain isotopes of elements to form anatomical images”, pp. 12-13.
Task 3, K1c

87.	In a recent journal article, a scoring test was used to determine the response of parrots to their handlers and included all of the following test components, EXCEPT:

a.  Handler giving a novel toy
b.  Touching their head
c.  Offering food
d.  Position 15 seconds after being placed next to handler

Answer: a. Handler giving a novel toy
This was not one of the 5 test components which included extend finger, touch back, touch head, offer food and position 15 seconds after placed next to handler.
Reference:  Psittacine Birds as Laboratory Animals: Refinements and Assessment of Welfare.   JAALAS, Vol 46, No 6, July 2007, pps 8-15.
Task 4, K1; Tertiary Species – Other Birds

88.	Which of the following additives is present in this vacutainer tube?

a.  EDTA 
b.  Lithium heparin 
c.  Sodium citrate 
d.  Thrombin 
e.  SPS & acid citrate dextrose 

Answer: b.  Lithium heparin
Reference: BD Vacutainer website- Tube Guide PDF wall chart http://www.bd.com/vacutainer/pdfs/plus_plastic_tubes_wallchart_tubeguide_VS5229.pdf 
Task 3, K1

89.	What is the general term used to describe the apparatus pointed out by the red arrow in which the majority of the nitrogen cycle takes place? 

a.  Biobubble
b.  Biological filter
c.  Bioreactor
d.  Nitrogen trap
e.  UV sterilizer

Answer: b. Biological filter
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 19 – Biology and Management of the Zebrafish, pp.  869.
Task 4, K4; Secondary Species – Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

90.	The device depicted in this slide is useful in the prevention of which post-operative surgical complication?

a.  suture site dehiscence
b.  anesthesia over dosage
c.  analgesia over dosage
d.  hypothermia

 Answer:  d.  hypothermia
 References:  1.  Flecknell, P.  1996.  Laboratory Animal Anesthesia, 2nd ed.  Academic 
                Press, San Diego, CA, p.127.
2. Taylor, D., 2007.  Study of Two Devices Used to Maintain Normotherm in Rats and Mice During General Anesthesia.  Comparative Medicine 46 (5):  37-41.
Task 2, K5

91.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, what do the animals illustrated in the slide have in common regarding surgical procedures?

a.  only microsurgery can be conducted
b.  only inhalation agents may be used for anesthesia
c.  surgery can be performed in an established laboratory
d.  surgery must be conducted in a dedicated surgical suite

Answer:  c.  surgery can be performed in an established laboratory
Reference:  Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences,      
 National Research Council.  1996.  Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.      
 Chapter 3 Veterinary Medical Care, p. 62.
Task 7, K2

92.	In the United States coding system, what is the gas contained in a gas cylinder of this color?

a.  Oxygen
b.  Carbon dioxide
c.  Air
d.  Argon
e.  Nitrogen

Answer: e.  Nitrogen 
Reference: Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Publication C-9, Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers for Medical Use, 4th ed, 3/2004. [[http://www.cganet.com/publication_detail.asp?id=C-9] 
[note: US color-coding for Nitrogen correlates to European standard: http://www.bcga.co.uk/preview/publications/tis06-2005.pdf ]
Task 7, K1

93.	The most reliable test for detecting West Nile Virus seroconversion in this species of macaque has been reported to be:

a.  IgM ELISA
b.  IgG ELISA
c.  IFA
d.  HAI
e.  PRNT

Answer: c.  IFA
Reference: Comp Med 56, 2006:46.
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Macaque (Macaca sp.)

94.	Which mouse parasite egg below CANNOT easily be diagnosed using the device illustrated?

a.  Rodentolepis nana
b.  Syphacia obvelata
c.  Aspicularis tetraptera
d.  Tritrichomonas muris

 Answer:  b.  Syphacia obvelata
Reference:  Fox, J., Anderson, L., Lowe, F., and Quimby, F.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd ed.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA, p.101 .
Task 1, K10; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

95.	Which of the following etiologic agents is the cause of the condition depicted in this slide?

a.  Cheyetiella ochotonae
b.  Sacroptes scabiei
c.  Notoedres cati
d.  Psoroptes cuniculi
e.  Demodex cuniculi

Answer: d.  Psoroptes cuniculi
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 349.
Task 1, K3; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

96.	In mice, this lesion in the intestinal mucosa most likely indicates infection with which of the following pathogens?

a.  Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice 
b.  Mouse adenovirus 2 
c.  Mouse hepatitis virus 
d.  Mouse parvovirus 
e.  Mouse adenovirus 1 

Answer:  b.	Mouse adenovirus 2 
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 1 – Biology and Diseases of Mice, p. 64.
Task 1, K4, K5; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

97.	The parasite shown in this slide is believed to be a vector for what pathogen?

a. Ectromelia virus
b.  Mycoplasma haemomuris
c.  Eperythrozoon coccoides
d.  Hepatozoon muris
e.  Rodentolepsis dimunata

Answer: b. Mycoplasma haemomuris (formerly Haemobartonella muris)
Reference: 
(1)	Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 2 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, p. 151.
“Polyplax spinulosa is also the vector for Haemobaronella muris (National Research Council, 1991b).”
(2)	Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, and Franklin CL, eds. 2006.  The Laboratory Rat, 2nd edition. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA.  Chapter 13 – Parasitic Diseases, pg. 472.
“…P. spinulosa may serve as a vector of Mycoplasma haemomuris (formerly Haemobartonella muris), Rickettsia typhi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Borrellia duttoni, and Brucella brucei.”
Task 1, K3; Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

98.	The clinical sign depicted in this slide is commonly seen in primates infected with which of the following organisms?

a.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b.  Shigella flexneri
c.  Pasturella multocida
d.  Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis
e.  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer: d.  Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 16 - Nonhuman Primates, p. 738.
Task 1, K3, K8

99.	What is the name of this common diagnostic test?

a. ELISA
b. hemagglutinin inhibition assay
c. indirect fluorescence assay
d. virus isolation test
e. complement fixation test

Answer: e complement fixation test
Reference:
Task 1, K10

100.	What behavior does this apparatus test in rodents?

a.  Endurance
b.  Despair
c.  Anxiety
d.  Learning and memory
e.  Fear

Answer: d. Learning and memory
Contemporary Topics, March 2003. Tests Learning and Memory – also known as Morris water task or Morris water test. 
Figure 1. An example of a typical Morris water task configuration. Note the presence of a video camera to record the path taken by the animal and the prominent environmental cues on the wall.
Task 5, K2c

101.	The urine of the species depicted in this slide is typically cloudy due to a relatively high concentration of ammonium magnesium phosphate and what other type of precipitate?

a.  Biurate
b.  Calcium oxalate monohydrate
c.  Calcium oxalate dihydrate
d.  Calcium carbonate monohydrate
e.  Calcium bicarbonate

Answer: d.  Calcium carbonate monhydrate
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 9 – Biology and Diseases of Rabbits, p. 333.
Task 3, K2; Primary Species – Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

102.	This pig has a history of constipation, pricked ears, and behavior consisting of staring ahead with the head slightly elevated, twitching of the nose and rhythmic chomping of jaws is presented for necropsy.  What is the most likely diagnosis?

a.  Aujeszky’s disease
b.  Porcine stress syndrome
c.  Salt poisoning
d.  Glasser’s disease
e.  Encephalitozoonosis

Answer: c.  Salt poisoning
Reference: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 15 – Biology and Diseases of Swine, pp. 631, 634, 662-663.
Task 1, K5, K8; Primary Species – Pig (Sus scrofa) (eosinophilic cuffing)

103.	What is the purpose of the piece of equipment shown in this slide? 

	a.  Anesthetic induction chamber
	b.  Housing of aquatic species
	c.  Euthanasia of small animals
	d.  Sterilization of low-temperature plastic equipment

Answer:  c.  Euthanasia of small animals
Reference:  http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf 
Euthanex Mobile Workstation System, used to deliver blended oxygen and carbon dioxide for euthanasia of approved species
Task 2, K8

104.	This slide was prepared from the lungs of a wild rock squirrel trapped in the southwest region of the US.  The flea-infested animal was struggling to move, had labored, raspy breathing and enlarged lymph nodes. Necropsy confirmed severe multilobar pneumonia with serosanguineous pleural effusion and minimal fibrinous pleuritis, and lymphangitis, and histology revealed the intracellular, gram-negative bacillus denoted by the arrows. What is the disease diagnosis? 

	a.  Mycoplasma pulmonis
	b.  Yersinia pestis
	c.  Pneumocystis carinii
	d.  Pasteurella pneumotropica
	e.  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Answer:  b.  Yersinia pestis
Reference:  Bacterial Diseases Branch, CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins CO
Task 1, Tertiary species – other rodents

105.	All of the following nonhuman primate species are commonly used in research regarding the organism depicted in this slide EXCEPT:

	a.  Macaca mulatta
	b.  Aotus sp.
	c.  Saimiri sp.
	d.  Papio anubis

Answer:  d.  Papio anubis
Reference:  The Laboratory Primate By Sonia Wolfe-Coote, Academic Press, 2005
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/ImageLibrary/Malaria_il.htm
Task 9, K1 

106.	When working with pregnant animals of this species, what animal biosafety level should be utilized?

	a.  ABSL 1
	b.  ABSL 2
	c.  ABSL 3
	d.  ABSL 4

Answer:  b.  ABSL 2
Reference:  CDC Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/qfever/index.htm 
Task 7, K1e; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries)

107.	In the diagram depicted in this slide, component C is a/an:

	a.  anesthetic gas vaporizer
	b.  rebreathing bag
	c.  oxygen flow meter
	d.  endotracheal tube
	e.  charcoal filter

Answer:  c.  oxygen flow meter
Reference:  http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/anestheticgases/index.html 
Task 2, K6

108.	The personnel depicted in this slide are wearing PPE appropriate for working with animals infected with animal biosafety level ____ agents.

	a.  1
	b.  2
	c.  3
	d.  4

Answer:  d.  4
Reference:  http://www.cdc.gov/OD/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/BMBL_5th_Edition.pdf ; http://bmbl.od.nih.gov/contents.htm
Task 7, K1e

109.	The device depicted in this slide can be used to train research personnel in appropriate:

	a.  compliance with federal regulations.
	b.  aseptic technique.
	c.  tissue apposition.
	d.  surgical instrument handling.

Answer:  d.  surgical instrument handling.
Reference:  LAWTE Meeting, 2007.
Task 8, K4 

110.	Which of the following is a Category A agent as described by this government agency?

	a.  Coxiella burnetii
	b.  Rickettsia prowazekii
	c.  Francisella tularensis
	d.  Chlamydophila psittaci
	e.  Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer:  c.  Francisella tularensis (the rest are Category B)
Reference:  http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp
Task 7, K1e 

111.	When utilized in a personnel biomethodology training program, the devices depicted are an example of which of the “3 R’s?”

	a.  Respect
	b.  Refinement
	c.  Reduction
	d.  Replacement

Answer:  d.  Replacement
Reference:  http://www.eurca.org/one_res.asp?EdID=840313
Task 8, K4

112.	According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the facility equipment depicted in this slide should be at least 		 centimeters in diameter.

	a.  4.5
	b.  6.2
	c.  8.8
	d.  10.2
	e.  12.6

Answer:  d.  10.2 (floor drain)
Reference:  Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1996.  Page 74.
Task 5, K1 

113.	The substrate depicted in this slide would be most appropriate to protect the walls in which type of animal facility room?

	a.  Small animal surgery
	b.  Mouse breeding colony
	c.  Dirty side of cage wash
	d.  Zebrafish housing room

Answer:  c.  Dirty side of cage wash (protects walls from splash and high water pressure from hoses)
Reference:  Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1996.  Page 74.
Task 5, K1 

114.	This slide is depicting an educational opportunity.  Which type of learning style is emphasized in this situation?

	a.  auditory
	b.  kinesthetic
	c.  visual
	d.  tactile

Answer:  a.  auditory
Reference:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles
Task 8, K4 

115.	What is the piece of equipment depicted in this slide used for?

	a.  Measuring radioactivity
	b.  Assessing microbial contamination
	c.  Ensuring adequate cage wash temperatures
	d.  Measuring aerosol ammonia levels
	e.  Recording light cycles

Answer:  b.  Assessing microbial contamination
Reference:  http://www.hygiena.net/systemsure_plus.html 
Task 6, K8 

116.	Which of the following is an advantage for the use of the pictured equipment for facility sterilization?

	a.  Biodecontamination within low temperature range of  4-80 °C.
b.  Proven efficacy against  a small range of microorganisms.
c.  Requires high temperature exposure.
d.  Yields only water and carbon dioxide as by-products.
e.  Ambient humidity does not affect the sterilization process.

Answer:  a.  Biodecontamination within low temperature range of  4-80 °C.
Reference:  http://www.steris.com/resources/lit/literaturesearch.cfm?app=VHP%20Biodecontamination%20Products# 
Task 4, K2 

117.	Pictured is a water testing kit with instruments and reagents to test water quality.  For which of these water quality parameters commonly monitored in animal facilities is there no FDA guideline or limit?

	a.  water hardness
	b.  pH
	c.  coliform count
	d.  heavy metal content  

Answer:  a.  water hardness
Reference:  http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/hardness/en/
Task 6, K8 

118.	Pictures show gross and histopathology from a Fisher 344 rat.  All of the following are appropriate morphologic diagnoses EXCEPT:

	a.  Hepatomegaly
	b.  Splenomegaly
	c.  Multicentric lymphoma
	d.  Suppurative pneumonia
	e.  Leukemia

Answer:  d.  Suppurative pneumonia
Reference:  University of Missouri Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory (RADIL), http://www.radil.missouri.edu/info/dora/RATPAGE/neo.htm 
Task 1, K5 – Primary species – rat (Rattus norvegicus)

119.	The histosection pictured was taken from a rat.  Which of the following is a predisposing factor for this condition in this species?

	a.  Low protein diet
	b.  High estrogen levels
	c.  Young age
	d.  High testosterone levels

Answer:  d.  High testosterone levels
Reference:  Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW, eds.  2002.  Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd edition.  Academic Press: San Diego, CA.  Chapter 4 – Biology and Diseases of Rats, pp.  157.
Task 1, K5 – Primary species – rat (Rattus norvegicus)

120.	The device depicted in this slide is used for what purpose? (The picture at the left is detail of the area in the orange box of the picture on the right.)

	a.  Testing of air quality
	b.  Performance of smoke test
	c.  Euthanasia of ruminants
	d.  High power cleaning of caging equipment

Answer:  c.  Euthanasia of ruminants (captive bolt)
Reference:  http://www.meatingplace.com/com/jarvis/product.asp?iService=43 and http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf
Task 2, K8; Secondary Species – Sheep (Ovis aries)

121.	The mice in the photo have been treated with a commercial depilatory agent to remove hair in preparation for providing blood meals for flea colonies and to allow better recovery of all fleas post-feeding.  What is the active ingredient in the commercial depilatory agents Nair® and Veet®?

	a.  cyanoacrylate
	b.  2,6-diisopropylphenol
	c.  trifluoro-ethane
	d.  propanamide
	e.  thioglycolate 

Answer:  e.  thioglycolate
Reference:  NIH Household Product Database (http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=brands&id=3002007 )
Task 3, K1 – Primary Species – Mouse (Mus musculus)

122.	According to the Animal Welfare Regulations, which of the following criteria are required to house the pictured species outdoors?

	a.  Ambient temperature may not exceed 80F.
	b.  This species may not be housed outdoors.
	c.  Ambient temperature may not drop below 45F.
	d.  The animal must be acclimated prior to housing outdoors.

Answer:  b.  This species may not be housed outdoors.
Reference:  
Task 5, K1 – Secondary Species – Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

123.	The device depicted in this slide can be used to train research personnel in appropriate:

	a.  compliance with federal regulations.
	b.  aseptic technique.
	c.  tissue apposition.
	d.  surgical instrument handling.

Answer:  c. tissue apposition
Reference:  LAWTE Meeting, 2007.
Task 8, K4 

124.	The animal pictured -standing atop a standard-sized microisolator cage bottom for mice- was captured in a rural area of Dade County just south of Miami. Why is this non-native species of interest to US public Health officials?

	a.  Competes with native species for scarce resources.
	b.  Is a potential vector of Yersinia pestis.
	c.  May extend potential host range for monkeypox virus.
	d.  There are no public health concerns associated with this species.

Answer:  c.  May extend potential host range for monkeypox virus.
Reference:  Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Apr;76(4):757-68. 
Task 1, K7 – Tertiary Species – Other rodents (Gambian pouch rat, Cricetomys gambianus, also known as the African giant pouch rat)

125.	According to the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia, use of the device depicted in this slide is considered a(n) 		 method of euthanasia for 		.

	a.  acceptable, rodents
	b.  conditionally acceptable, rodents
	c.  acceptable, farm animals
	d.  conditionally acceptable, farm animals

Answer:  b.  conditionally acceptable, rodents
Reference:  http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf
Task 2, K8

END OF EXAM